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1. MS-CIT ANUSHREE COMPUTECH PVT LTD UNIT – 6 INPUT AND OUTPUT

2. UNIT - 6 SBI – MS-CIT

3. What is Input In computer science, the general meaning of input is to provide or give something to the computer, in other words, when a computer or device is receiving a command or signal from outer sources, the event is referred to as input to the device. Also some  internal components of computer  are input components to other components, like the power-on button of a computer is input component for the  processor  or the  power supply , because it takes user input and sends it to other components for further processing. INPUT DEVICES Some computer devices can also be categorized as input devices  [1]  because we use these devices to send instructions to the computer, some common examples of computer input devices are: SBI – MS-CIT 3

4. INPUT DEVICES Keyboard Entry a panel of keys that operate a computer or typewriter. Pointing Devices a generic term for any device (e.g. a graphics tablet, mouse, stylus, or trackball) used to control the movement of a cursor on a computer screen. Scanning Devices A scanner is an input device that scans documents such as photographs and pages of text. Image Capturing Devices Provided are an image capturing device, an image capturing method, and a program which allow an image of a subject to be captured in a more appropriate manner. Audio Input Devices Audio input devices allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands.  SBI – MS-CIT 4

5. What is Keyboard Entry Keyboard entry - A piece of information fed manually into a computing system by means of a set of keys, such as a typewriter. A computer keyboard is an input device that allows a person to enter letters, numbers, and other symbols (these are called characters in a keyboard) into a computer. It is one of the most used input devices for computers. Using a keyboard to enter lots of data is called typing. KEYBOARD The keyboard is essential for a computer whether it is personal or laptop, as it is used for navigation, process execution, and so on. It is the best interface device that allows us to input the data. I would say that no PC is complete without a keyboard.  SBI – MS-CIT 5

6. Types of Keyboards Traditional Keyboard The traditional keyboard layout is QWERTY which are the first six letters. This type of keyboard was introduced in 1872 and was marketed by Christopher Sholes. This arrangement of keys prevented the typewriters from speeding so that the metal arms can be prevented from colliding and jamming as people typed fast. Laptop keyboards A laptop keyboard is arranged differently than desktop keyboard to accommodate the laptop's narrower footprint. Most laptop keyboards are made smaller by placing the keys closer and by including an Fn key. The Fn key is used in conjunction with other keys to perform special functions. Virtual keyboards A virtual keyboard is a software component that allows the input of characters without the need for physical keys. The interaction with the virtual keyboard happens mostly via a touchscreen interface, but can also take place in a different form in virtual or augmented reality. Thumb keyboard A thumb keyboard, or a thumb board, is a type of keyboard commonly found on PDAs, mobile phones, and PDA phones which has a familiar layout to an ordinary keyboard, such as QWERTY. The inputting surface is usually relatively small, and is intended for typing using the available thumbs, while holding the device. Add a footer 6

7. 7 Concept Check What is input? What are input Devices ? List and compare the four categories of keyboards. What are toggle keys ? What are combination keys ? SBI – MS-CIT

8. What is Pointing Devices A pointing device is an  input interface  (specifically a  human interface device ) that allows a  user  to input  spatial  (i.e., continuous and  multi-dimensional ) data to a  computer .  CAD  systems and  graphical user interfaces  (GUI) allow the user to control and provide data to the computer using physical  gestures  by moving a hand-held  mouse  or similar device across the surface of the physical desktop and activating switches on the mouse. Movements of the pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the  pointer  (or  cursor ) and other visual changes. Common gestures are  point and click  and  drag and drop Pointing Devices While the most common pointing device by far is the mouse, many more devices have been developed. However, the term "mouse" is commonly used as a metaphor for devices that move the cursor. SBI – MS-CIT 8

9. Types of Pointing Devices Computer Mouse   Computer mouse (is a hand-held  pointing device  that detects  two -dimensional  motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a  pointer  on a  display , which allows a smooth control of the  graphical user interface  of a  computer . There are three types of mouse: Trackball mouse, Optical mouse and wireless optical mouse. Touch Screen A touch screen is a computer display screen that is also an input device. The screens are sensitive to pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen. ... Resistive touch screen panels are not affected by outside elements such as dust or water. Game Controllers A game controller, or simply controller, is an input device used with video games or entertainment systems to provide input to a video game, typically to control an object or character in the game. ... Input devices that have been classified as game controllers include keyboards, mouses , gamepads, joysticks, etc. Stylus In computing, a stylus (or stylus pen) is a small pen-shaped instrument whose tip position on a touchscreen can be detected by the screen. It is used to draw, or make selections by tapping, on devices with touchscreens such as computers, mobile Devices( smartphones and  personal digital assistants), gaming consoles, and graphic tablets. Add a footer 9

10. 10 Concept Check What is a pointing device ? Describe four pointing devices. What is an optical mouse ? What is a multi-touch screen ? Describe four game controllers. SBI – MS-CIT

11. What is Scanning Devices Scanning devices  include bar-code readers, marl-and character recognition  device , fax machines, and imaging systems. Mark and character recognition  devices  include magnetic –ink character recognition, optical mark recognition, and optical character recognition. Fax machines may be dedicated machines or fax modems. The information will include; cost, and how its used The four common  scanner types  are: Flatbed, Sheet-fed, Handheld, and Drum  scanners . ... This  type of scanner  works like a flatbed  scanner  except that the image is fed through the  scanner  and moves along the beam to be read rather than the beam moving. How does it work ? Scanners operate by shining light at the object or document being digitized and directing the reflected light (usually through a series of mirrors and lenses) onto a photosensitive element. In most scanners, the sensing medium is an electronic, light-sensing integrated circuit known as a charged coupled device (CCD) SBI – MS-CIT 11

12. Types of Scanning Devices Optical Scanners A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translate the information into a form the computer can use. A scanner works by digitizing an image -- dividing it into a grid of boxes and representing each box with either a zero or a one, depending on whether the box is filled in. Card Readers A card reader is a data input device that reads data from a card-shaped storage medium. The first were punched card readers, which read the paper or cardboard punched cards that were used during the first several decades of the computer industry to store information and programs for computer systems. Barcode Readers A barcode reader is an optical scanner that can read printed barcodes, decode the data contained in the barcode and send the data to a computer. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating for optical impulses into electrical signals.  RFID Readers RFID is an acronym for “radio-frequency identification” and refers to a technology whereby digital data encoded in RFID tags or smart labels (defined below) are captured by a reader via radio waves Add a footer 12

13. Character and Mark Recognition Devices OPTICAL  CHARACTER RECOGNITION .  DEVICES  (OCR) Optical  character recognition  (OCR) refers to a computer's ability to recognize printed letters, numerals, or symbols (optical  characters ) as discrete entities rather than as simply an image containing lines, curves, and shading Magnetic ink character recognition code, known in short as MICR code, is a character recognition technology used mainly by the banking industry to streamline the processing and clearance of cheques and other documents Optical mark recognition is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests. They are used to read questionnaires, multiple choice examination paper in the form of lines or shaded areas. What is Character and Mark Recognition Devices ? Mark  And  Character Recognition Devices .  Mark  and  character recognition devices  are input  devices . they are used to scan information printed on paper. these  devices  read the information and convert into digital signal. SBI – MS-CIT 13 MICR OMR OCR

14. 14 Concept Check What is a scanner? Describe five types of scanning devices. Define UPC, Maxi code and smart cards. Describe three common character and mark recognition devices. SBI – MS-CIT

15. Image Capturing Devices An  image capturing device  includes an optical module configured to  capture  an  image , at least one sensor module configured to generate  image  signals for the captured  image , and a data processing module configured to generate  image  data for the captured  image  on the basis of the generated  image  signals. A  digital camera  is a  camera  that stores pictures in electronic memory instead of film. Because of this, a  digital camera  can hold many more pictures than a traditional film  camera . A  digital camera  can sometimes hold hundreds or thousands of pictures. ...  Digital cameras  use an image sensor instead of photographic film. A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams an image or video in real time to or through a computer to a computer network, such as the Internet. Webcams are typically small cameras that sit on a desk, attach to a user's monitor, or are built into the hardware What are capturing devices? A  capture device  (also referred to as a  capture  card) is a hardware  device  that you connect to your computer that converts the video signal from your camera's output into a digital format your computer can recognize. SBI – MS-CIT 15 Digital Camera Web Camera

16. Audio Input Devices Audio input devices  are used to capture  sound . ...  Audio input devices  allow a user to send  audio  signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands.  Devices  such as microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order to record a voice message or navigate software. Microphones, among the most common devices for audio input, are used with  line-in  or  microphone-in  settings within a  recording software  package audio input devices are also used with speech recognition software Audio Input Devices Input devices can also be used to transfer pre-recorded music to a computer. Using CD-in or line-in (depending), a person can transfer tracks from a  cassette tape , CD, stereo tuner, or turntable to a computer.  SBI – MS-CIT 16

17. 17 Concept Check How are image capturing devices different from an optical scanner ? Define two image capturing devices. What are voice recognition system ? SBI – MS-CIT

18. What is Output ? An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human-readable form. It can be text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video. Some of the output devices are Visual Display Units i.e. a Monitor, Printer, Graphic Output devices, Plotters, Speakers etc.  Any information that is processed by and sent out from a computer or other electronic device is considered output. An example of output is anything viewed on your computer monitor screen, such as the words you type on your keyboard. INPUT DEVICES Four Basic Categories of Output Devices of a Computer. A computer output device is used to extract information from a computer. There are visual, audio, print and data output devices. Different types of specific hardware include monitors, speakers and headphones, printers and external hard drives SBI – MS-CIT 18

19. Monitors A monitor is an electronic visual computer display that includes a screen, circuitry and the case in which that circuitry is enclosed. SBI – MS-CIT 19

20. Computer Monitor Types Flat-Panel Monitors A flat-panel display is an electronic viewing device used to enable people to see content in a range of entertainment, consumer electronics, personal computer, and mobile devices, and many types of medical, transportation and industrial equipment. Curved Monitors Curved screen TVs were introduced to the consumer market in 2013, primarily due to the efforts of Korean companies Samsung and LG, while curved screen projection displays, such as Cinerama, have been around since the 1950s. E-Book Readers An e-reader, also called an e-book reader or e-book device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals SBI – MS-CIT 20

21. Other Monitors Digital Whiteboard An interactive whiteboard also commonly known as Interactive board or Smart boards is a large interactive display in the form factor of a whiteboard. Ultra High Definition Television Ultra-high-definition television today includes 4K UHD and 8K UHD, which are two digital video formats with an aspect ratio of 16:9. These were first proposed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and later defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union. Digital Projectors  A digital projector, also called a digital projection display system, is a specialized computer display that projects an enlarged image on a movie screen. Such devices are commonly used in presentations. ... The light transmitivity of each pixel varies depending on the image data received from the computer. SBI – MS-CIT 21

22. 22 Concept Check Define these monitor features : clarity, resolution, dot pitch, contrast ratios, size, and aspect ratio. Describe flat-panel, curved, LCD, LED, and OLED monitors. What are e-book readers, digital whiteboards, UHDTVs and digital projectors? SBI – MS-CIT

23. Printers In computing, a printer is a peripheral device which makes a persistent representation of graphics or text, usually on paper. While most output is human-readable, bar code printers are an example of an expanded use for printers . SBI – MS-CIT 23

24. Printers Inkjet Printers Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that recreates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper and plastic substrates. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer, and range from small inexpensive consumer models to expensive professional machines.. Laser Printers A laser printer is a popular type of personal computer printer that uses a non-impact (keys don't strike the paper), photocopier technology. When a document is sent to the printer, a laser beam "draws" the document on a selenium-coated drum using electrical charges. ... Most laser printers print only in monochrome. 3D Printers  The 3D printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design model, usually by successively adding material layer by layer, which is why it is also called additive manufacturing. SBI – MS-CIT 24

25. Other Printers Cloud Printers Google Cloud Print is a Google service that lets users print from any Cloud Print-aware application on any device in the network cloud to any printer with native support for connecting to cloud print Thermal Printers Thermal printing is a digital printing process which produces a printed image by selectively heating coated thermo chromic paper, or thermal paper as it is commonly known, when the paper passes over the thermal print head. The coating turns black in the areas where it is heated, producing an image.  Plotters A plotter produces vector graphics drawings. Plotters draw lines on paper using a pen. In the past, plotters were used in applications such as computer-aided design, as they were able to produce line  SBI – MS-CIT 25

26. 26 Concept Check Discuss these printer features : resolution, colour capability, speed, memory, and duplex printing. Compare inkjet, laser, and 3D printers. Discuss cloud, thermal, and plotter printers. SBI – MS-CIT

27. Audio Output Devices Speakers are the most common type of audio output devices. On laptops and other mobile computing devices, speakers are usually built in. External speakers can attach to a computer using a variety of audio plugs, or they can attach using a USB connection. Headphones are another type of audio output device. Variations on the headphone concept include ear buds, which fit inside the ear, and headsets, which include both headphones and a microphone. A sound card is a computer component that converts information from digital audio files into electronic sound signals. A device driver is a small computer program that tells your computer how to access and use devices attached to it, including sound cards.  Audio Input Devices The term " audio output device " refers to any  device  that attaches to a computer for the purpose of playing  sound , such as music or speech. The term can also refer to a computer  sound  card. SBI – MS-CIT 27

28. Combination Input And Output Device There are several input devices present and available in the system such as Keyboard, Mouse, Scanners, Trackballs, Digital Cameras, Joystick and many more. ... These devices are known as Combination input and output devices. These devices have features and characteristics of both input as well as output devices. An I/O interface is required whenever the I/O device is driven by a processor. Typically a CPU communicates with devices via a  bus . The interface must have necessary logic to interpret the device address generated by the processor. INPUT DEVICES I/O devices are the pieces of  hardware  used by a human (or other system) to communicate with a computer. For instance, a  keyboard  or  computer mouse  is an input device for a computer, while  monitors  and  printers  are output devices. Devices for communication between computers, such as  modems  and  network cards , typically perform both input and output operations. SBI – MS-CIT 28

29. Combination Input And Output Device Headsets A headset combines a headphone with a microphone. Headsets are made with either a single-earpiece or a double-earpiece. Headsets provide the equivalent functionality of a telephone handset but with handsfree operation Multifunctional Devices A multifunction device (MFD) is a device that performs a variety of functions otherwise carried out by separate devices. An example of this would be a printer that can make copies, faxes and scans. Telephones  A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.  SBI – MS-CIT 29

30. Combination Input And Output Device Drones An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft without a human pilot on board and a type of unmanned vehicle. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system; which include a UAV, a ground-based controller, and a system of communications between the two Robots A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer— capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within Virtual Reality Headgear and Gloves  A virtual reality headset is a head-mounted device that provides  virtual reality  for the wearer. Virtual reality (VR) headsets are widely used with  video games  but they are also used in other applications, including simulators and trainers. SBI – MS-CIT 30

31. 31 Concept Check What are the two most widely used audio output devices ? What is Bluetooth ? What are headsets, multifunctional devices, VoIP and telephony ? What are drones, robots, virtual reality, headgear and gloves SBI – MS-CIT

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33. 33 Concept Check What is input? What are input Devices ? List and compare the four categories of keyboards. What are toggle keys ? What are combination keys ? SBI – MS-CIT

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