United Nations Topic Notes(new) powerpoint

United Nations notes

1. United Nations International Organizations

2. Brainstorming Session (Developing the context) What could be the purpose of this Organization? Can we consider the UN a world Government? Is there a set of rules or principles that guides the United Nations in its work? How did the United Nations begin? How do you see the role of United Nations today? Functions of UN? Absolute soveringty on member states?

3. Background/ Historical Development Why the League Failed ?

4. Structure of the Organization

5. The General Assembly Should we call it World’s Parli a ment? Composition of the Assembly. Functions of the Assembly.

6. The Security Council How does the Council ma i ntain International peace? Composition of the Council The mighty VETO! Do you agree with the existing number? Is it fair that only five major Powers have the right to veto?

7. Contemporary Analysis Underlysing issues Ineffectivenss of Security Council in mitigating conflicts Security Council Demands Immediate Ceasefire in Gaza for Month of Ramadan, Adopting Resolution 2728 (2024) with 14 Members Voting in Favour, United States Abstaining General Assembly with “Recommendation Status” on International Secruityissues Chapter-04, Article-11 : “ The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both ”

8. Reforming the Security Council Specific Name Countries Representing the Reform Member Structure Veto Power Justification/Advocation G4 Proposal Germany, Japan, India, Brazil. Increase total members from 15 to 25: 06 PM 04 NPM New PM not to use VETO for 15 years. Limit VETO to Security matters (avoid on Humanitarian issues) Size and Population Contributions to the UN (Budget, Peacekeeping) Commitment to Int. Law African Union Mostly African countries (to create “African Caucus”) Increase total members from 15 to 26: 02 PM 09 NPM VETO power to be granted to the new PM. Creating the African Caucus in the SC to increase the voice of the continent (UN mostly involved) Open-Ended Working Group on Security Council Reform (OEWG) All UN member states (proposed by the General Assembly in 2009) Increase total members from 15 to 20/25: Concept of “Permanent rotation” Limiting the use of VETO or abolishing it completely. Making SC more equitable, accountable and democratic (reducing the influence of the PM)

9. UfC Model Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Spain, and Turkey Create a new category of membership for countries that would have a permanent seat on the UNSC, but no veto power. This is a compromise proposal that would allow for the expansion of the UNSC without giving any new countries the veto power. Italian Regional Model Italy. Create a new category of membership for countries that would have a permanent seat on the UNSC, but only for a specific region. This would allow for the expansion of the UNSC in a way that is more representative of the current distribution of power in the world. L69 Proposal Various countries. Create a new UNSC with 40 members, all of which would be elected by the UN General Assembly. Eliminate the veto power. This is a radical proposal that would completely overhaul the UNSC and make it more representative of the current distribution of power in the world.

10. Group Exercise #1 UN successful or failed? Analyse the Objectives Consider Contemporary affairs Select an Answer

11. Group Exercise #2 Draft a proposal for reforming the Security Council w.r.t its structure and Voting procedures Analyse deficiencies of the Security Council Consider the needs of your region/continent Instructions Multiple Groups will be made and Regions/Continents assigned ( South Asia, Eurasia/Central Asia, Middle East, Africa, Europe ) 10 mins to discuss. Select 01 focal person to present. 2min presentation time.

12. What to Expect? Question Analysis - Critically examine the powers and the voting procedure of the U.N. Security Council? - How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive system of Human Rights protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human rights lead to a stable International Order ? - Elucidate and justify : "The United Nations inspite of its imperfections, is the only organizations that can save humanity from disaster and complete annihilation?" - Keeping in view the powers of the security council what suggestions can you give for improving its structure as a dominant body within UN? - Highlight the factors and forces, which have contributed to sideline the UN in terms of its peace and security role? - Keeping in view the Charter assess the working of the United Nations in the new millennium? - Discuss in detail the structure of the united nations . Do you believe that the United Nations have the capacity to fulfill the goals of promoting a more united, peaceful, and free world? Explain your answer with logical analysis and examples supporting your arguments?