Universal Safety Precautions for safety.ppt

Universal Safety Precautions

1. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
BY
G. THEJASWI

2. Universal Precautions
–Applied universally in caring for all patients
•Hand washing
•Decontamination of equipment and devices
•Use and disposal of needles and sharps safely (no
recapping)
•Wearing protective items
•Prompt cleaning up of blood and body fluid spills
•Systems for safe collection of waste and disposal

3. DEFINITION
StandardPrecautions
Previouslyknownbyvariousnamesincluding“universal
precautions”
Standardprecautionsaredesignedtoreducetheriskof
transmissionofbloodborneandotherpathogensfromboth
recognizedandunrecognizedsourcestoasusceptiblehost.
Theyarethebasiclevelofinfectioncontrolprecaution
HospitalInfectionistheresultofacombinationoffactors:
Microbialsource+Transmission+Susceptiblehost=
Infection

4. Why Universal health
Precautions.
TheconceptofUniversalHealthPrecautions
emphasizesthatallourpatientsshouldbetreatedas
thoughtheyhavepotentialbloodborninfections,and
caninfectthecaringhealthcareworkers.(CDC)

5. Human materials/Tissues
considered Highly Infectious
Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
C S F
Synovial fluids
Amniotic fluid
All other body fluids

6. Hand washing is the most important
method of disease prevention
BacteriaandVirusescanbespreadvia
dirtyhandsandthearetoosmalltosee
withthehumaneye.Youmustwash
youhandsproperlyinordertoremove
them.

8. Indications for Hand
Washing
Inprolongedcontactwithpatient.
BeforetakingcareofImmunesuppressed,
Newborninfants,patientsinICU/ICCU,
DialysisUnits,Burn’sUnits.
Beforeandaftertouchingwounds.
WhenMicrobialcontaminationofHands,
likelytooccurwhenincontactwithmucous
membranes,bodyfluids,andothersecretions
contaminatedwithBlood,andserousfluids.

9. Use of Gloves
Use of a pair of
disposable gloves
can protect if
chances of contact
with Blood or Body
fluid is
anticipated/inevitable.

10. 1. Remove any jewelry/ accessories
2. Remove glove from box. Gloves come in small, medium
and large. Most are rubber latex and are pre-powdered. Those
who are allergic to latex should use vinyl gloves.
3. Hold glove with your thumb and forefinger and insert hand
into gloves
4. Work fingers into proper places
PUTTING ON GLOVES

12. Use of Mask, Cap, Eye Wear
Will certainly protect us
from splashes of Blood or
Body fluids.
Don't underestimate the
importance of Use of Cap
and Mask.
It equally protects our
patients.

13. UP recommends the use of Personal Protective
Equipment
Gloves
Aprons
Gowns
Protective
eyewear
Face shields
Masks

14. Universal Precautions also include:
Proper handling and
disposal of needles.
Taking precautions to prevent injury
from scalpels, needles, and other sharp
instruments.

15. Disposal of Needles and Sharps
All used needles and sharps should be deposited
in thick walled puncture resistant containers
(PPC’s).
Bending, Reshaping, should be prohibited.
Do not recap the needles to avoid needle stick
injures.

16. Dealing with Needle stick
Injuries
ConsiderallNeedlestickinjuriesasaserious
healthhazard
AlleventsofNeedlestickinjuriestobereported.
Washtheinjuredareaswithsoapandwater.
Encouragebleedingifany.
ProphylaxisforpreventionofHIV/HBVistop
priority.

17. Spillage of Blood/Body
fluids
A common health hazard in the working
environment.
Never wipe the spillage with working wet mop.
Alwayscoverthespillswithpaperandpour1%
SodiumHypochloritetodecontaminatethespills

18. Patient care equipment
Handleequipmentsoiledwithblood,bodyfluids,
secretions,andexcretionsinamannerthat
preventsskinandmucousmembraneexposures,
contaminationofclothing,andtransferof
pathogenstootherpatientsortheenvironment.
Clean,disinfect,andreprocessreusableequipment
appropriatelybeforeusewithanotherpatient.

19. Contact Precautions
For protection against skin-to-skin contact and
physical transfer of microorganisms to a host from
a source
Precaution Examples:
Private room
Hand washing
Glove changes