Unveiling Mechanisms and Genetic Prospects in Wheat Rust Resistance 3.pptx

QAISAR HAYYAT

1. PRESENTED BY: QAISAR HAYYAT FURQAN SHAHEEN TOPIC : Unveiling Mechanisms and Genetic Prospects in Wheat Rust Resistance

2. INTRODUCTION TO WHEAT RUSTS WHEAT RUST TYPES AND THEIR IMPACT ON YIELD AND GLOBAL FODD SECURITY Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) Impact : Can lead to significant yield losses due to damage to photosynthetic tissues. Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis) Impact: Causes yield reduction by affecting light interception and radiation use efficiency. Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Impact: Severe infestations weaken plant stems, leading to lodging. Global Food Security Implications: Rust diseases collectively cause 20–40% of global food crop losses. Wheat rusts, including leaf, stem, and stripe rusts, significantly impact wheat yields. These diseases threaten one of the world’s most crucial staple crops.

3. GENETIC BASIS OF RUST RESISTANCE IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC RESISTANCE Rust diseases significantly impact wheat yields, causing economic losses. Breeding and deploying cultivars with genetic resistance is crucial. The wheat genome atlas summarizes 920 rust resistance loci across 21 chromosomes. Strategies include stacking desirable QTL for enhanced rust resistance. Advances in genomics and gene cloning accelerate rust resistance research.

4. RACE-SPECIFIC GENES VS. APR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RCG AND APR Race-Specific Resistance (R Genes): Phenotypic Effect : Race-specific resistance genes ( R genes ) are effective against specific races or strains of a rust pathogen. Adult Plant Resistance (APR): Phenotypic Effect : APR is non-race-specific and durable. It provides resistance throughout the plant’s life cycle, especially during the adult growth stage.

5. WHEAT GENOME ATLAS ATLAS OF RUST RESISTANCE LOCI ACROSS WHEAT CHROMOSOMES Researchers have been hard at work identifying genetic loci associated with rust resistance in wheat. In fact, a recent study published in Theoretical and Applied Genetics established a genome-wide atlas of these rust resistance loci. Here are the key points: Atlas Summary: The wheat genome atlas provides a comprehensive overview of reported loci associated with rust resistance. It compiles information from 170 publications over the past two decades, summarizing both mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) and characterized genes related to rust resistance.

6. STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZING RESISTANCE QTL TO DEVELOP RUST-RESISTANT WHEAT CULTIVARS Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping plays a crucial role in developing rust-resistant wheat cultivars. By identifying specific genomic regions associated with resistance traits, researchers can enhance breeding programs. These QTLs enable the selection of wheat varieties that can better withstand various rust pathogens, such as wheat leaf rust and stem rust. Through marker-assisted selection, breeders can efficiently incorporate these resistance genes into high-yielding varieties. This approach not only improves crop resilience but also helps ensure food security in the face of changing climate conditions and emerging diseases.

7. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES BEYOND GENETICS Effective management strategies for wheat rust extend beyond genetic resistance and include integrated approaches. Crop rotation and diversification can disrupt the life cycles of rust pathogens, reducing their prevalence. Timely planting and the use of resistant varieties in combination with cultural practices, such as proper irrigation and fertilization, can enhance overall plant health. Regular monitoring and early detection are crucial for timely fungicide application, while biological control methods can offer sustainable alternatives. Education and awareness among farmers about rust management practices further contribute to reducing the impact of these diseases on wheat production.

8. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future directions for wheat rust resistance focus on integrating advanced technologies and approaches. Genome editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 offer precise methods to enhance resistance traits in wheat. Additionally, harnessing the genetic diversity found in wild relatives of wheat can provide novel resistance sources. Emphasizing a multi-faceted strategy that combines genetic, agronomic, and biotechnological methods will be crucial. Moreover, developing real-time monitoring systems for rust pathogens will enable farmers to respond proactively. Collaborative global research efforts are essential to address the evolving challenges posed by wheat rust diseases and ensure food security.

9. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION