Upper extremity anatomy & positioning

Anatomia y Posicionamiento de las extremidades superiores. Deseo aclarar que el video no me pertenece de ninguna manera. Se esta compartiendo publicamente con el fin de ayudar a los futuros tecnologos a obtener conocimiento para su revalida.

1. Radiographic Anatomy and
Positioning of the Upper
Extremity
Dennis Winders
Jeff Ahrendsen

2. Anatomy

3. Upper extremity consists of:
•Phalanges
•Metacarpals
•Carpals
•Radius
•Ulna
•Humerus

4. Anatomy of
the Hand &
Wrist

5. The hand & wrist consists of :
•27 Bones
–Phalanges - 14
–Metacarpals - 5
–Carpals - 8

6. Phalanges
•Fingers & thumb
•3 separate bones
Digits 2-5
–Proximal
–Middle
–Distal
•Tuft
•Thumb
–Proximal
–Distal

7. Naming of Digits
•1
•2
•3
•4
•5
•Thumb
•Index
•Middle
•Ring
•Little

8. Joints
•Interphalangeal
•Metacarpophalangeal
•Distal Interphalangeal
•Proximal
Interphalangeal

9. Metacarpals
•Palm
•Numbering
•Three parts
–Head
–Shaft
–Base
•Joints
–MP
–Carpometacarpal
Head
Base
Shaft

10. Carpals (Wrist)
•8 bones
•Proximal row
aNavicular - Scaphoid
bLunate - Semilunar
cTriquetral - Cuneiform
dPisiform
a
b
c
d

11. Carpals (continued)
•Distal row
aGreater Multangular - Trapezium
bLesser Multangular - Trapezoid
cCapitate - Os Magnum
dHamate - Unciform
a
bc
d

12. Mnemonic
•Never
•Lower
•Tillies
•Pants
•Grandma
•Might
•Come
•Home
•Some
•Sassy
•Children
•Play
•Through
•Their
•Old
•Underwear
•Some
•Lovers
•Try
•Positions
•That
•They
•Can’t
•Handle
Alternative mnemonic

13. Carpal Joints
•Radiocarpal
•Intercarpal

14. Distal Radius & Ulna
•Radial Styloid Process
•Ulnar Styloid Process
•Distal Radioulnar Jt.

15. Radiographic
Anatomy

16. A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

17. Tuft
2nd DIP Jt.
2nd PIP Jt.
2nd MP Jt.
IP Jt.
1st MP Jt.
CM Jt.
Radiocarpal Jt.

18. A.
B.
C.
D.

19. Trapezium
Trapezoid
Scaphoid
Pisiform

20. A.
B.
C.
D.

21. Os Magnum
Semilunar
Unciform
Cuneiform

22. Carpal Canal
•Trapezium
•Os Magnum
•Unciform
•Pisiform

23. Motions of the Hand & Wrist
•Radial Flexion
(Ulnar Deviation)
•Ulnar Flexion (Radial
Deviation)

24. Positioning of the Hand & Wrist

25. Finger
•Routine projections
–PA
–Medial Oblique
–Lateral Oblique
–Lateral
•Film size
•SID
•CR

26. PA

27. Lateral

28. Medial oblique

29. Lateral oblique

30. Parallel vs. Not
Parallel

31. Structures shown

32. Technique

33. Prevention of
•Immobilize
–Sandbags
–Tape
•Short exposure time
–10mAs = 200mA x .05s
–10mAs = 400mA x .025s

34. Thumb
•Routine projections
–AP
–PA Oblique
–AP Oblique
–Lateral
•Film size
•SID
•CR

35. AP

36. Lateral

37. PA Oblique

38. AP Oblique

39. Structures shown

40. Technique

41. Hand
•Routine projections
–PA
–PA Oblique-Lateral
Rotation
–Fan Lateral
•Non-routine projections
–Lateral for Foreign Body

42. Routine Hand
Projections
•Routine projections
–PA
–PA Oblique-Lateral
Rotation
–Fan Lateral
•Film size
•SID
•CR

43. PA

44. PA Oblique-Lateral
Rotation

45. Fingers Down vs. Fingers Straight

46. Fan Lateral

47. Structures Shown

48. Technique

49. Non-routine projections of the
Hand

50. Lateral for Foreign Body

51. Wrist
•Routine projections
–PA (Ulnar Flexion)
–PA Oblique-Lateral
Rotation
–Lateral
•Non-routine projections
–PA-no flexion
–Stetcher
–Carpal Canal (Gaynor-
Hart)
–Lateral for Pisiform

52. Routine Wrist Projections
•Routine projections
–PA (Ulnar Flexion)
–PA Oblique-Lateral
Rotation
–Lateral
•Film size
•SID
•CR

53. PA (Ulnar Flexion)

54. PA Oblique-Lateral Rotation

55. Lateral

56. Structures shown

57. Technique

58. Non-routine projections of the
Wrist

59. PA-no flexion

60. Scaphoid views (Stetcher)

61. Carpal Canal
(Gaynor -Hart)

62. 10° Supination Lateral

63. Casted Extremities

64. Changes in technique
•No cast
–Extremity film
–10mAs @ 60kV
•Casted
–Regular film
–Lower mAs 10 times
•Wet cast
–Add 15 to the kV
•Dry cast
–Add 10 to the kV
•Fiberglass
–Add 5 to the kV

65. Anatomy of
the Forearm
& Elbow

66. Radius
•Distal
–Styloid Process
–Ulnar Notch
•Proximal
–Head
–Neck
–Tuberosity
•Shaft

67. Ulna
•Distal
–Head
–Styloid Process
•Proximal
–Olecranon process
–Coronoid process
–Trochlear notch
–Radial notch
•Shaft

68. Effects of
pronation
on the
forearm

69. Distal Humerus
•Humeral Condyle
–Trochlea (Medial condyle)
–Capitulum (Lateral condyle)
•Lateral epicondyle
•Medial epicondyle
•Depressions
–Coronoid fossa
–Radial fossa
–Olecranon fossa

70. Classification of Joints
•Radioulnar
–Proximal
–Distal
•Elbow

71. Radiographic
Anatomy

72. A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J. (Jt.)
K.

73. Medial Epicondyle
Coronoid Process
Shaft (Ulna)
Ulnar Head
Ulnar Styloid
Process
Lateral
Epicondyle
Radial Head
Radial
Tuberosity
Shaft (Radius)
Distal
Radioulnar Jt.
Radial Styloid
Process

74. A.
B.
C. (Jt.)
D.
E.
F.
G. Post.
H.
I.
J.

75. Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Proximal radioulnar
jt.
Radial head
Radial neck
Radial tuberosity
Olecranon fossa
Medial
epicondyle
Trochlea
Coronoid
process

76. C. B. A.
D.
E. (not the jt.)
F.
G. (depression)

77. Coronoid Process
Radial head
Radial neck
Condyles
Trochlear notch
Olecranon
process
Radial notch

78. Positioning of the Forearm &
Elbow

79. Forearm
•Routine projections
–AP
–Lateral
•Film size
•SID
•CR

80. AP

81. Lateral

82. Structures shown

83. Technique

84. Elbow
•Routine projections
–AP
–Lateral
–Coyle
•Non-routine
–Obliques
–Reverse Coyle
–Partial Flexion
–Rotational views of
the radial head

85. Routine Elbow
•Routine projections
–AP
–Lateral
–Coyle
•Film size
•SID
•CR

86. AP

87. Lateral

88. Coyle

89. Structures shown

90. Technique

91. Non-routine projections of the
Elbow

92. Obliques

93. Reverse Coyle

94. Partial Flexion

95. Humerus parallel

96. Forearm parallel

97. Rotational views of the Radial
Head

98. Hand supinated

99. Hand AP oblique

100. Hand lateral

101. Hand pronated

102. Lateral
positioning