Upstream and Downstream Processing of Fermentation.pptx

Bioprocessing - Upstream and Downstream Processing of Fermentation.pptx

1. Bio-processing Submitted by: 21sgm06, M.Sc. Microbiology Submitted To: DR. K. KAVITHA, Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sadakathullah Appa College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti )

2. Bio-processing refers to the use of biological systems, such as microbes, cells and enzymes, to produce biologics or other products. Bio-processing can involve both upstream and downstream processing steps. Bio-processing is defined as a production of value added material from the living source. Bio-processing

3. Upstream process

4. fermentation Fermentation Fermentation organism Fermentation media Fermenter Sterilisation Very important Not sterilised Media contamination Lower yield of product Inhibit product synthesis

5. Downstream processing

6. Upstream process encompasses any technology that leads to the synthesis of a product. Refers to the initial stages of industrial bio processing, including the selection and optimization of micro organisms, designing and controlling fermentation processes , and harvesting microbial biomass or metabolites. It is a critical step in determining the quality and quantity of the final product. The upstream process mainly includes: Culture isolation and screening, Inoculum preparation, Media formulation and sterilization, Equipment preparation and sterilization. I. Upstream process

7. Culture isolation refers to the process of isolating and purifying a specific micro organism from a mixed culture or sample . As a result we can get a pure culture of the desired organism. A) CULTURE ISOLATION AND SCREENING

8. There are some techniques employed for pure culture isolation: MICRO MANIPULATOR Isolation techniques

9. The screening process is a crucial in upstream processing as it determines the quality and yield of the final product . The selection of right micro organism can significantly enhance the production efficiency and reduce the cost of manufacturing. Screening of micro organisms

10. Primary screening involves the identification and selection of micro organisms with desirable properties for the production of a specific product . This can include screening for high yield , productivity , and stability under various environmental conditions. Primary screening may also involve genetic modification or engineering of micro organisms to improve their performance in the fermentation process. The goal of primary screening is to identify the most promising micro organisms for further optimization and scale-up in downstream processing. Primary screening

11. Types of Primary screening

12. Secondary screening is a follow-up process to the initial screening process in upstream processing. It involves further testing of the selected micro organisms to confirm their ability to produce the desired product consistently and efficiently. This process helps to identify any potential issues or limitations that may arise during large-scale production. It is useful in sorting of micro organisms that have real commercial value . Physical, chemical and biological properties are also determined during secondary screening. The result of secondary screening process are used to optimize the fermentation conditions and develop a robust production process. This ensures that the final product meets the required quality standards and is produced in cost-effective manner. Secondary screening

13. Inoculum preparation is a crucial step that involves growing a small amount of selected micro organism to be used in the main fermentation process. The purpose of inoculum preparation is to provide a sufficient number of viable and active cells that can be used to initiate the main fermentation process. The chemical composition of the inoculum media used in upstream processing varies depending on the specific micro organism and the product being produced. The media typically contains a carbon source, nitrogen source, minerals, vitamins , and other nutrients required for the cell growth. b) Preparation of inoculum

14. Composition of media Constituent of major source Supplied as Carbon source Molasses , malted barley, starch, dextrins etc. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose etc. Nitrogen source Corn steep liquor, yeast extract , peptones, soya bean meal. Ammonium salts, amino acids, peptides. Minerals Added with magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, chlorine. Water has Cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc. c) Media formulation and sterilization

15. Sterilization of the media is a crucial step to ensure the sterility of the media containing nutrients and sterility of bioreactor. Media must be free from contamination before entering in fermentor . Sterilization of media is commonly achieved by heat , and other physical methods like filtration, radiation and biochemical treatments. It is important to note that the sterilization process must be carefully monitored and validated to ensure that it is effective and consistent. This includes regular testing of the media for microbial contamination and ensuring that all equipment and materials used in the sterilization process are properly maintained and calibrated . Sterilization of media

16. d) Sterilization of equipments

17. Fermentation process is a key component of upstream processing, where micro organisms such as bacteria, yeast or fungi are grown in a controlled environment to produce a desired product. Process involves several steps such as, growth and harvest . Inoculation involves adding the micro organisms to the sterilized media in the bioreactor , where they begin to multiply. The growth phase involves optimizing the conditions within the bioreactor, such as temperature, pH and oxygen levels , to promote the growth and metabolism of the micro organisms. During this process, the organisms consume nutrients in the media and produce the desired product. The product can be harvested by separating the microbes from the media through methods such as centrifugation or filtration . II. FERMENTATION

18. Batch, fed batch, continuous fermentation

19. Downstream processing is used to purify and isolate the product for use in various industries. It involves several steps, including separation, purification and formulation . Separation involves separating the product from any remaining organisms or impurities in the media. This can be done through methods such as filtration, centrifugation or chromatography. Purification involves further refining the product to remove any remaining impurities and ensure its quality and purity. This can involve additional chromatography steps or other purification techniques. Formulation involves preparing the purified product for its intended use, such as adding stabilizers or preservatives to increase the shelf-life or adjusting the concentration for specific applications. Iii. Down stream processing

20. Steps in downstream processing

21. Bio-processing has become an essential tool in the production of a wide range of products, from life-saving medicines to sustainable fuels. Bio-processing offers a more efficient and environment friendly alternative to traditional manufacturing methods. As technology continues to advance, the potential fro bio-processing to transform industries and improve our world is truly limitless. conclusion