Urban problems related to energy

urban problem

1. Urban Problems Related To Energy

2. URBAN RURAL An  urban area  is the region surrounding a city. Most inhabitants of urban areas  have nonagricultural jobs.  Urban areas  are very developed,  meaning  there is a density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. " Urban area " can refer to towns, cities, and suburbs. An rural area  is the region outside a city. Most inhabitants of rural areas  have agricultural jobs.  Rural areas  are not developed,  meaning  there is less density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. “ Rural area " can refer to villages.

3. Energy Energy is the power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

4. Energy Demand  In developed countries (besides India) the amount of energy used is much more compared to underdeveloped / developing countries. Industrialized developed countries use energy for these purposes: ( i ) residential and commercial (ii) industrial (iii) transportation. In less-developed countries ( for example India), most of the energy is used by individuals.

5. The economics of energy consumption describe that a country with high GNP (gross national product roughly national income ) use less per capita energy for residential and commercial needs, than a less developed country like Africa and India. Reason is very simple. North Americans use air conditioning, refrigeration, water heating and space heating. So 75 percent energy is used in these gadgets. In India, almost all of the energy used in home is for cooking due to scarcity and high cost of fuel. 

6. The energy demanding activities include: Residential and commercial lighting!

7. Modern life style Electrical Gadgets in houses, offices & business establishments.

8. Transportation Includes automobiles, trains, metro-rails.

9. Industrial Plants These consume a big portion of energy. Manufacturing accounts for 85% of industrial energy use. That includes:  Processing food and materials like petroleum, iron ore, bauxite,  wood, and other minerals Refining oil and gas Heat treating metal Assembling cars 

10. Industrial energy use also includes non-manufacturing activities, like: Agriculture Construction Mining Water and wastewater treatment

11. Seasons! In summers, water supply decides the flow of electricity

12. Waste Disposal Using energy based techniques for the disposal of huge amount of waste. Incineration- Incineration  is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration  of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. Gasification- Gasification  is a process that converts organic or fossil fuel based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam.

13. Prevention & Control Depending on energy based technologies for the prevention & control of air, water, thermal & nuclear pollution. Air Pollution: 1. Carpool. 2. Walk or ride a bicycle. 3. Shop by phone or mail. 4. Ride public transit. 5. Telecommute. Thermal Pollution: 1. Cooling towers. 2. Cooling ponds.

14. Water Pollution: 1. No rubbish in streams. 2. Use water wisely. 3. Don’t throw chemicals, oils, paints, etc in water. 4. Avoid overuse of chemicals and pesticides. Nuclear Pollution: 1. Follow safety measures. 2 . Leakage be checked regularly.