uric acid ppt.pptxth for the health department

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1. DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

2. Name of the groups………………………. ID.No 1.Adana Diro …………………………….0075/13 2.Amanuel Gemachu ………………..0128/13 3.Dedefo Hirpo …………………………..1270/13 4.Hafiza 5.Werkinesh

3. Objectives of the study At the end of this discussion the listener will be able to: Define uric acid and uric acid analyte Discuss the physiology , pathophysiology and biochemistry of uric acid Know the factors affecting the testing methods of uric acid analyte

4. INTRODUCTION TO URIC ACID ANALYTE

5. Introduction Uric acid is produced as a result of the breakdown of purines, which are found in many foods and are also formed by the body. It is primarily excreted by the kidneys and is a waste product of metabolism.

6. In clinical laboratory settings, uric acid is commonly measured as an analyte in blood or urine samples to assess kidney function, diagnose gout, and monitor certain metabolic disorders. Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood can be indicative of conditions such as gout , kidney disease, and certain types of cancer .

7. Physiological function of uric acid analyte Uric acid plays several important physiological roles in the body : Antioxidant properties Neuroprotective effect Blood pressure regulation Immune function Nitric oxide production Role in wound healing

8. 1 . Antioxidant properties: helps to neutralize free radicals, which are harmful molecules that can damage cells and contribute to various diseases . 2. Neuroprotective effects : may help to reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

9. 3 . Blood pressure regulation : Uric acid may play a role in regulating blood pressure . However, elevated levels of uric acid are also associated with an increased risk of hypertension. 4 . Immune function : influencing the body's immune response to infection and inflammation.

10. 5 . Nitric oxide production : important for maintaining healthy blood vessel function. 6. Role in wound healing : playing a role in the formation of new blood vessels and tissue repair.

11. Pathophysiology of uric acid analyte The pathophysiology of uric acid analyte involves its production , metabolism, and excretion in the body.

12. Uric acid is primarily excreted by the kidneys, with a smaller amount being eliminated through the gastrointestinal tract. The balance between uric acid production and excretion is crucial for maintaining normal serum levels . When this balance is disrupted, it can lead to hyperuricemia ,

13. Hyperuricemia can occur due to various factors, including : Over production of uric acid Impaired renal excretion

14. 1 . Overproduction of uric acid : This can result from increased intake of purine-rich foods , excessive alcohol consumption, certain medical conditions (e.g., leukemia , lymphoma), or genetic factors that lead to overactivity of the enzymes involved in uric acid production .

15. 2. Impaired renal excretion: Reduced kidney function or impaired excretion of uric acid due to conditions such as chronic kidney disease , hypertension, or certain medications can lead to elevated uric acid levels .

16. Biochemistry of uric acid analyte Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms . The biochemistry of uric acid involves its production, metabolism , and excretion in the body.

17. Uric acid is formed as a result of the breakdown of purines Purines are metabolized to hypoxanthine and xanthine, which are further broken down into uric acid by the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

18. Uric acid is primarily excreted by the kidneys Elevated levels of uric acid (hyperuricemia) can be associated with conditions such as gout, kidney stones, and certain metabolic disorders

19. Sign and symptoms related to abnormal findings of uric acid analyte Some of the common signs and symptoms related to abnormal findings of uric acid analyte include: Gout:. Kidney Stones: Tophi: Joint Damage:

20. Chronic hyperuricemia can lead to the formation of tophi , Prolonged hyperuricemia and recurrent gout attacks can lead to joint damage ,.

21. Testing procedure uric acid analyte Here's an overview of the general testing procedure : 1 . Preparation: Before the test, Timing typically 4-6 hours, to obtain accurate results. You could be asked to avoid certain medications that can affect uric acid levels, such as diuretics and aspirin. 2. Blood Sample Collection

22. 3. Laboratory Analysis : In the lab, the blood is processed to separate the serum or plasma, which contains the uric acid, from the rest of the blood components. 4. Uric Acid Measurement : by using a method such as spectrophotometry or enzymatic assays to measure the concentration of uric acid present. 5 . Results: Once the analysis is complete

23. Normal reference range for uric acid analyte For males: 3.4 to 7.0 mg/ dL or 202 to 416 µ mol /L. For females: 2.4 to 6.0 mg/ dL or 143 to 357 µ mol /L. Note that :The reference ranges can differ between laboratories, so it's essential to interpret your results in consultation with a healthcare professional who can consider your individual health status and any other relevant factors.

24. Testing method and factor affecting Testing methods of uric acid The two primary testing methods used are: . Enzymatic method . Colorimetric method

25. 1. Enzymatic method: measures the amount of uric acid by using an enzyme, uricase, which reacts with uric acid to produce a compound that can be measured spectrophotometrically. This is the most widely used method for uric acid testing. 2. Colorimetric method: This method also uses a chemical reaction to produce a color change that can be measured to determine the concentration of uric acid .

26. Factors affecting testing methods for uric acid include: 1 . Interference from medications : Certain medications, such as diuretics, aspirin, and some chemotherapy drugs, can affect uric acid levels and may interfere with the accuracy of the testing method. 2. Sample handling and storage: Improper handling or storage of blood samples can lead to inaccurate results.

27. 3. Hemolysis: hemolysis can release intracellular components, including uric acid, into the plasma, leading to falsely elevated results. 4. Laboratory-specific factors: Different laboratories may use slightly different testing methods or equipment, which can lead to variations in results . 5 . Patient-specific factors : Factors such as age, sex, diet, and underlying medical conditions can also impact uric acid levels and may need to be considered when interpreting test results .

28. uric acid is a waste product that is produced when the body breaks down purines, which are found in certain foods and are also produced by the body. High levels of uric acid can lead to health problems such as gout, kidney stones, and other kidney-related issues . summery

29. summery Uric acid is important to maintain a healthy diet, stay hydrated, and exercise regularly to help manage uric acid levels in the body. individuals with high levels of uric acid should consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

30. Reference Tietz:Fundamentals of clinical chemistry, textbook of clinical chemistry