Urinary Tract Infection Medical . pptx

Urinary tract infection for medical , Nursing students ; Medical surgical nursing 1

1. Prachi B.Sc Nursing Topic : Urinary Tract Infection Subject : Adult Health Nursing - II

2. URINARY TRACT INFECTION A Urinary tract infection ( UTI ) is a bacterial infection in part of the Urinary tract . When it affects the lower urinary tract , it is known as simple cystitis (a bladder infection ) . When it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as pyelonephritis (a kidney infection ).

3. DEFINITION A urinary tract infection ( UTI ) is an infection of urinary tract which involves infection of urinary tract organs such as urethra , bladder .

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5. Classification Urinary Tract Infections 1. According to location 2.According to complications 3. According to history of UTI.

6. 1. According to location Upper UTI

7. 2. According to complications Complicated UTI : These infections are related to complication of certain conditions such as catheterization , diabetes , an obstruction of urinary tract and neurological disorders. b) Uncomplicated UTI : These infections occur without any complications of medical conditions.

8. 3. According to history of UTI a) Initial or Isolated UTI : These are the types of infection which occurs at first time and haven’t previous history of UTI’s. b) Recurrent UTI : Recurrent UTI is an infection which having history of UTIs . These occur after the treatment and Correction of urinary tract infection.

9. CYSTITIS URETERITIS

10. Instructions for use (premium users) Incidence Urinary tract infection mostly occurs in old age people more than 60 years . UTI is the second most common bacterial infectious disease . Female are most affected than males due to shorter urethra .

11. Etiology A . Anatomical defects : Shorter female urethra Congenital defects Stricture Urethra . B . Medical conditions : Neurological disorders Diabetes Mellitus Human immune deficiency virus infection C . Others : Catheterizations Voiding dysfunction Pregnancy Sexual intercourse with multiple sex partners .

12. Instructions for use CAUSATIVE AGENTS Escherichia Coli ~ E.coli { causes 80 % of cases } proteus Enterococcus Staphylococcus Candida Klebsiella

13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Normally Urine is sterile and produced by the kidney . Physiologically urine passes from kidney to bladder by the ureters . The body’s defence mechanism prevent the infection by bladder mucosa through antibacterial action. Any defect in defence mechanism produces the chances of urinary tract infections. Many procedure like URINARY CATHETERIZATION leads to direct entry of pathogenic organism which produce UTI’s .

14. Upper UTI Clinical Manifestation Flank pain
Fever
Dysuria
Chills
Frequency
Malaise
Possible bloody or cloudy urine .

15. Lower UTI Clinical Manifestation Frequency & Urgency
Burning on Urination
Nocturia
Inflamed swollen meatus in urethritis

16. This presentation has been made using the following fonts: Hammersmith One ( https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Hammersmith+One ) Asap ( https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Asap ) Fonts & colors used DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Ultrasound
Bladder & Kidney Biopsy Intravenous Pyelography Cystoscopic Examination

17. Urine Analysis
Urine Culture
Blood Analysis
Renal function test
Creatinine
Voiding Cystourethrogram
X- Rays
CT Scan
Blood Culture

18. VOIDING CYSTOURETHROGRAM

19. MANAGEMENT Medical Management Ampicillin with aminoglycoside ( in complicated UTI ) Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole . Levofloxacin ( in complicated UTI ). Analgesics such as Phenazopyridine :: to relieve discomfort . Administration of amoxicillin , ampicillin or cephalosporin for one week in pregnancy .

20. Storyset Nursing Management Nursing diagnosis Altered body comfort related to acute pain . Impaired urinary elimination related to dysuria and urinary frequency. Hyperthermia and chills related to infection evidenced by increase temperature, malaise and tachycardia . Knowledge deficit related to disease condition and preventive measures . Nursing Interventions Apply local heat on suprapubic area to relieve abdominal discomfort. Administer IV fluids if not contraindicated . Maintain input and output chart . Use aseptic techniques before any procedure . Procedures such as catheterization should be avoided , if possible. Check the vital signs . Ask the patient to observe colour and amount of urine . Educate the patient about preventive measures .

21. Storyset Patient and Family Teaching Instruct the patient to complete avoidance of acohol . Advise to avoid eating of high spicy foods , chocolates Instruct to empty the bladder before and after intercourse . Explain the importance of maintenance of personal hygiene. Explain the drugs actions , indications , their effects and side effects . Instruct to maintain perineal hygiene .

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