urine-analysis-ketone-body.pptx pathology

Practical

1. Urine Analysis: Ketone bodies

2. C o ntents Intro Test Principle Procedure Interpretation Viva

3. Ketones/ketone bodies Ketones are products of incomplete fat metabolism They are made in liver from breakdown of fats They are an alternative source of fuel for the body Made when glucose supply in body is less, such as during fasting or dieting “ Ketogenesis ”: process of formation of ketone bodies

4. Types of ketone bodies 3 ketone bodies: 1.Acetone(2%) 2.Acetoacetic acid(20%) 3.β-hydroxybutyric acid(78%)

5. Causes of ketonuria - Presence of high level of ketone bodies in urine is called “ketonuria” - Causes of ketonuria Phy s iological Pathological

6. Ph y siological Pathological Fasting Dehydration Starvation Diabetic Ketoacidosis(DKA) Hyperemesis gravidarum(excessive vomiting in pregnancy) Fever

7. Tests for ketonuria Rothera’s test Gerhardt’s test Reagent strip test

8. Rothera’s test Principle : Ketone bodies (acetone and acetoacetic acid) react with alkaline solution of sodium nitroprusside forming purple complex .

9. Pr o cedure Take 5 ml of urine in a test tube. Saturate it with solid ammonium sulphate salt; it will start settling to the bottom of the tube when saturated. Add a few crystals of sodium nitroprusside and shake. Add liquor ammonia from the side of test tube.

10. Interpr e ta t ion Appearance of purple-coloured ring at the junction indicates presence of ketone bodies.

11. Procedure Observation Interpretation Take 5 ml of urine in test tube and saturate Purple-coloured ring seen at junction Ketone bodies present it with 1 g of ammonium sulphate. Add a few crystals of sodium nitroprusside and shake. Add liquor ammonia from the side of the test tube.

12. Report: The given sample contains: ketone bodies .

13. Viva questions Q: What are the 3 ketone bodies? Q: What are the causes of ketonuria? Q: What does Rothera’s test detect? A: It detects ketone bodies(acetone and acetoacetic acid), but not β-hydroxybutyric acid. Q: What is the principle and procedure of Rothera’s test? Q: Which are the other tests to detect ketone bodies?