use of technology in elections in india

made by hemang singhal

1. Use of Technology in Elections in India MADE BY HEMANG SINGHAL, 7A , COMPUTER HOLIDAY HW

2. WHAT ARE ELECTIONS? An election is a way people can choose their candidate or their preferences in a representative democracy or other form of government. Elections were used as early in history as ancient Greece and ancient Rome, and throughout the Medieval period to select rulers such as the Holy Roman Emperor and the pope. The electorate does not generally include the entire population; for example, many countries prohibit those who are under the age of majority from voting, all jurisdictions require a minimum age for voting.

3. TYPES OF ELECTIONS Members of the Parliament in   Lok Sabha   and  Rajya Sabha Members of  State Legislative Assemblies Members of  State Legislative Councils Members in  village panchayats  or  city corporation councils .

4. POLLING OF VOTES IN ELECTIONS Government schools and colleges are chosen as polling stations. The collector of each district is in charge of polling. Government employees are employed to the polling stations.

5. HOW IS TECHNOLOGY USED IN ELECTIONS IN INDIA? Technology is used in elections in India Electronic Voting, which is done through Electroninic Voting Machines (also called EVM). The use of EVMs and electronic voting was developed and tested by the state-owned Electronics Corporation of India and Bharat Electronics in the 1990s. They were introduced in Indian elections between 1998 and 2001. The electronic voting machines have been used in all general and state assembly elections of India since 2014.

6. EVM

7. WHAT ARE EVM’s An Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is an electronic device used for recording votes.

8. HISTORY OF EVM’s The use of EVMs and electronic voting was developed and tested by the state-owned Electronics Corporation of India and Bharat Electronics in the 1990s. They were introduced in Indian elections between 1998 and 2001. The electronic voting machines have been used in all general and state assembly elections of India since 2014. The EVMs were first time used on an experimental basis in selected constituencies of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Delhi. MB Haneefa invented the first Indian voting machine in 1980.

9. EVM BATTERY EVMs run on an ordinary 6 volt alkaline battery manufactured by Bharat Electronics Ltd., Bangalore and Electronic Corporation of India Ltd., Hyderabad. EVMs can be used even in areas with no power connections.

10. ADVANTAGES OF EVM  According to an estimate, about 10,000 tons of ballot is saved in a national election in India due to the use of EVM machine. This is around saving of 2 lac trees. So the use of EVMs in the elections is a good job in terms of environment protection. EVM machines can be moved easily from one place to another as compared to the ballot boxes, that is why people living in the hilly and other inaccessible can cast their vote in the elections. So EVMs provided the right to vote to many peoples of the country. EVM reduces the possibilities of the fake votes. The EVMs are run by the batteries, so these machines can be used in those areas whereas there is no electricity. EVM works around 15 years. reduces the manual work

11. DISADVANTAGES OF EVM EVM are vulnerable to malicious programming and if it gets affected then any hacker can hack the machine and can tamper the vote counts easily. Single virus can destroy the entire data storage. Fake display units could be installed in the electronic voting machines which would show manipulated numbers, but originally fake votes could be generated from the back end.

12. HOW WERE ELECTIONS CONDUCTED PRIOR TO ELECTRONIC VOTING? Prior to the introduction of electronic voting, India used paper ballots and manual counting. The paper ballots method was widely criticized because of fraudulent voting and booth capturing, where party loyalists captured booths and stuffed them with pre-filled fake ballots. The printed paper ballots were also more expensive, requiring substantial post-voting resources to count hundreds of millions of individual ballots.

13. BALLOTS

14. WHAT ARE BALLOTS? A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in secret voting. Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared.

15. HISTORY OF BALLOTS In  ancient Greece , citizens used  pieces of broken pottery  to scratch in the name of the candidate in the procedures of  ostracism . The first use of paper ballots to conduct an election appears to have been in  Rome  in 139 BC, following the introduction of the  lex Gabinia tabellaria . In ancient  India , around 920 AD, in  Tamil Nadu , palm leaves were used for village assembly elections. The palm leaves with candidate names were put inside a mud pot for counting. This was called  Kudavolai  system. [5] [6] [7] The first use of paper ballots in America was in 1629 within the  Massachusetts Bay Colony  to select a pastor for the Salem Church. [8]  Paper ballots were pieces of paper marked and supplied by voters. Before the introduction of the  secret ballot , American political parties distributed ballots listing their own candidates for party supporters to deposit in ballot boxes.

16. ADVANTAGES OF BALLOTS You can’t easily hack a paper copy. No virus can hack ballots.

17. DISADVANTAGES OF BALLOTS Use of paper and cutting down trees to make paper. Increases manual work. Post-election, it takes a huge amount of time to count the votes before declaring the results. Booth capturing can occur in this system. Casting votes using paper ballot is a time-consuming task. The cost of expenditure on the paper ballot is way higher than on EVM .