Use of thermal analysis

Thermal analysis and its applications

1. USE OF THERMAL ANALYSIS - Aaditya Thole

2. What is thermal analysis? Thermal analysis is a branch of materials science where the properties of materials are studied as they change with temperature.

3. TYPES OF THERMAL ANALYSIS METHOD ABBREVIATION PROPERTY MEASURED DIFFERNTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS DTA TEMEPERATURE DIFFERENCE DIFFERNETIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY DSC ENTHALPY THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS TGA MASS DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS DMA DEFORMATION DIELECTRIC THERMAL ANALYSIS DEA DEFORMATION EVOLVED GAS ANALYSIS EGA GASEOUS DECOMPOSITION THERMO-OPTICAL ANALYSIS TOA OPTICAL PROPERTIES

4. Differential scanning calorimetry Differential scanning calorimetry , or DSC , is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment.

5. Applications of DSC

6. Continued In Pharmaceutical Industry Detection of polymorphism Quantification of polymorph Detection of metastable polymorph Fingerprinting of wax Detection of isomerism Percentage crystallinity determination Amorphous content in excipient APPLICATIONS Protein stability and folding Process development Antibody domain studies Rank order binding Protein engineering Characterisation of membrane, lipids and micellar systems

7. Glass transition temperature Glass transition temperature is the temperature at which higher molecular weight materials(polymers) transforms from glassy state to a viscous and rubbery stat e.

8. Differential thermal analysis DTA is a technique in which the difference in temperature between a substance and a reference material is measured as a function of temperature while the substance and reference material are subjected to a controlled temperature program.

9. Applications of DTA To study phase transitions and phase diagram. To fingerprint substances To determine M.Pt ., B.Pt ., decomposition temperatures of organic compounds

10. Continued To characterize inorganic materials The peak at 113°C corresponds to a solid-phase change from the rhombic to the monoclinic form, while the peak at 124°C corresponds to the melting point of the element. Liquid sulphur is known to exist in at least three forms, and the peak at 179°C apparently involves a transition among these. The peak at 446°C corresponds to the boiling point of sulphur .

11. Continued To quantitatively analyze polymer mixtures This is a thermogram of a physical mixture of seven commercial polymers. Each peak corresponds to the characteristic melting point of one of the components. Poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has an additional low temperature peak, which arises from a crystalline transition.

12. Continued Quantitative analysis of Compounds Determination of Structural and Chemical changes occurring during heat treatments. Quality Control of Cement, glass, textiles, soils, explosives and resins

13. Thermogravimetric analysis TGA measures the amount and the rate of weight change of a material with respect to temperature or time in controlled environments.

14. Applications Determination of the bound and unbound water in the suspension of Milk of Magnesia (MoM), used as a laxative. In an overview of thermal analysis testing it is always preferable to do a TGA experiment on unknown samples before doing a DSC experiment (especially for pharmaceuticals). Decomposition of pharmaceuticals renders products which are insoluble and generally sticky on the inside of a DSC cell. These products will lower the life use of a DSC cell. Therefore, know the decomposition temperatures of all drugs and heat in a DSC evaluation to 50°C below those temperatures.

15. Continued Evaporation of free (unbound) water begins at room temperature due to dry gas flowing over the sample. Decomposition can have multiple stages (weight losses)but the presence of multiple weight loss steps can also indicate the presence of multiple components in the sample.

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