UTHAN & PATAN (Rise and Fall of Vedanta Culture) 18.3.14.pdf

Sanatana Dharma Vedanta; Vedic;
Vedic Sanskriti;
Rise and Fall of Indian culture;
history;
historical development;
Islamic invasion effects;
Scientist of Vedanta Culture;
Inventions by Rishis;
Smriti, Upanishads, Aaranayaka;
Vedas and Sutras;
Gujarati explanation;
English translation;
Dr. P. D. Parmar; definitions; Dharma-definition; Padmasinh Parmar

1. 1
uRYin an[ ptn

p\Ativni : (s>F&GiT) s¿yti (vVn) ~[Oq s¿yti ht). ai s¿yti a>tg<t 'v[di>t
s>AkZ(t" ni[ ai(vBi<v Yyi[. v[di>t s>AkZ(t"n&> uRYin an[ ptn, a](thi(sk
GTniai[ t[mj v]ci(rk p&n: jigrN (renaissance) n[ kirN[ Yy&>. Avit>#y p\i(¼t
bid B(vOyn) p\jin[ ai bibt[ jiNkir) aipv) j$r) C[. B*tkiLmi> Yy[l) B*li[
s&Fir) fr)Y) 'BirtvP<" n[ gi]rviºv)t krv&> j$r) C[. (vVmi> t_vdS<n (The
Philosophy) an[ s>p\diy (Religion) ni (vciri[ vµc[ s>GP< cil[ C[. v[di>t a[Tl[
t_vdS<n. m¹yy&gmi> t_vdS<nni[ xy Yyi[ an[ s>p\diyn&> uRYin Yy&>. (vVSi>(t
miT[ t_vdS<nn&> p&n:AYipn krv&> j$r) C[. t_vdS<nni (c>tnn&> (vVmi> p\cir-
p\sir krv&> j$r) C[.
 aiy< nZv>S : (s>F&GiT) s¿ytini[ uµctm (vkis aiy< p\jin[ kirN[ Yyi[.
aiy< nZv>S (Arya Race) (vVmi> ~[Oq nZv>S tr)k[ (v²yit C[. aiy<, Wv)D,
ai(dvis), (ng\i[, ai(d nZv>Si[ kh[viy. dr[k nZv>Sni> (v(SOT lxNi[ hi[y C[.
aiy< p\jin&> nimkrN g&NiRmk C[.
kt<Äym` aicrn` akt<Äym` anicrn .
(tOq(t p\kZt aicir[ s: vi aiy< e(t amZt: ..
BiviY< : krvi yi[³y kiyi[< aicrnir, n krvi yi[³y aicrN n krnir
aYvi p\ikZ(tk aiciri[ krnir 'aiy<" a[v>& kh[viy C[.
vZ_i[n Bv(t aiy< n Fn[n (vwyi.
BiviY< : 'aiy<" Äy(kt vZ(_iai[ {sd`g&Ni[} vD[ ai[LKiy C[. Fn-s>p(_i k[
(vwi vD[ ai[LKiti[ nY).
 aiyi<vt< :- aiyi<: vt<t[ a#i
BiviY< : jyi> aiyi[< rh[ C[ t[ j³yi.
 aiy<Fm< :- aiy<k&lAy Fm<: {kt<Äy:} aiy<Fm<:
BiviY< : aiy<p\jini> kt<Äyi[ aiy<Fm< kh[viy C[.
 W(vD nZv>S : - BirtvP<n) d(xN (dSimi> rh[niir W(vD nZv>S (Race)

2. 2
(s>F&GiT) s¿yti aiy<, W(vD an[ ai(dvis) nZv>Si[n[ kirN[ Ye.
agARym&(na[ aiy< an[ W(vD nZv>Si[ vµc[ smºvy (fusion) kriÄyi[ an[
s>AkZ(tai[ vµc[ aidin p\din kriv)n[ ''v[di>t s>AkZ(t"" ni[ ud`Bv kyi[<, j[mi>
avtirvid (vcirFiri p\AYi(pt krvimi> aiv) C[.
 aiy< s>AkZ(t :- aiyi[< p\Ym pS&piln krti> hti>. smyni vh[Nmi> aiyi[<a[ kZ(P
Äyvsiy apniÄyi[ an[ AYiy) Jvn Jvvini[ p\ir>B kyi[<,
aiyi[< p\ikZ(tk a>gi[n) p*ji krvi li³yi, s*y< p*ji pr>prigt bn), s*y<n[
p\Ryx d[v miºyi. vnAp(t, p\iN), hvi, a(³n, ai(d p\ikZ(tk a>gi[n) p*ji
simiºy bn).
'v[d" aYi<t` Xinn) upisni kr). Xin p\i(¼t oiri Jvnn&> a(At_v rh[ C[
t[v&> min)n[ v[dg\>Yi[ aYi<t` Xing\>Yi[n) (vwi m[Lvvini[ p\ir>B aiyi[<a[ kyi[<.
v[di[ni a(At_v miT[ v[di>g aYi<t` ÄyikrN, jyi[(tP, (Sxi, kÃp, (n@±t C>d
a[m a[vi PDi>g n&> sj<n krvimi> aiÄy&>.
{1} (Sxi - uµcirSiA#i (Phonetics) t[ smymi> Cipkim Yt&> n ht&>. v[d-g\>Yi[ ai(d
si(hRyni[ uµcir oiri a[k Äy(ktY) aºy Äy(kt trf p\sir Yti[ hti[. 'a"
axrni[ 18 p\kir[ uµcir Yti[ hti[. aim aY<ni[ anY< n Yiy t[ miT[ uµcirmi>
GN) j ci[ksie riKvimi> aivt) ht). v[di[n) äciai[n&> uµcirN GN&> j S&Û
riKvimi> aivt&> ht&>. ain[ (Sxi kh[viy C[.
{2} ÄyikrN - v[dg\>Yi[n) BiPin&> ÄyikrN GN&> j jT)l ht&>. ai BiPini
ÄyikrNn[ (nym bÛ kr)n[ s&s>AkZt ÄyikrN pi(N(na[ ky&< t[Y) BiPin&>
nimkrN 's>AkZtm`" Yy&>.
{3} (n@kt - v[dg\>Yi[ni S¾di[n) ÄyRp(_i (derivation of words from root) n&> Xin
(n@ktmi> rh[l C[. (n@kt (nG>T* nimni g\>Yi[ tr)k[ (v²yit C[. (nG>T*mi>
S¾di[n) Ry&Rp(_i aYi<t` S¾di[ni aY< rh[li C[ viky rcni (Syntax) (vS[n)
mi(ht) t[mi> aipvimi> aiv) C[.
{4} C>d - (Stanzas and metre) (Verse of a poem) v[d äciai[ni gin (vS[n&> Xin
C>dmi> p\gT Yy&> C[.

3. 3
{5} jyi[(tP - Astronomy - kyi smy[ yX krvi[ t[ bibt[n&> Xin jyi[(tP
SiA#imi> C[.
{6} kÃp - yX vKt[ aih*(t (v(F k[m krv) t[n&> mig<dS<n C[ aYi<t` yXni
km<ki>D (ritual) n) mi(ht) aipvimi> aiv) C[. yXmi> b(ldin (vXin (Science of
sacrifice) aipvimi> aiÄy&> C[.BiPini (vkis – v[di[ni sj<n smyn) aiyi[<n)
bi[l)n[ BiPi kh[vimi> aivt) ht). ai aiyi[<n) bi[l)ni[ (vkis crm s)mi s&F)
Yyi[ t[mi> rh[li ä(Pai[ pi(N(na[ d*r kr) t[ bi[l)n&> nim s>AkZtm` piDvimi>
aiÄy&>.
 aiy< s>AkZ(ta[ W(vD s>AkZ(tai[ni[ smºvy :- agARy m&(na[ aiy< an[ W(vD
s>AkZ(tai[ vµc[ smºvy kriÄyi[. ai smºvy aRyir[ pN ap*N< C[ j[ BirtvP<ni
a(At_v miT[ smAYi @p C[. s>AkZ(tai[ ni smºvy bid avtirvidn) (vcirFiri
p\At&t Ye. avtirvidmi> Fmi[< (kt<Äy Bivni}n&> (n@pN rimiyN an[ mhiBirt
g\>Yi[ oiri krvimi> aiÄy&>.
~&(tai[ - v[d g\>Yi[, b|\iMNi[, air·yki[ g\>Yi[ j[n&>bi[l)n[ SiVt kiL miT[
rxN krvimi> aiÄy&>.
AmZ(tai[ - rimiyN, mhiBirt, @pki[, si(hRyg>Yi[ ai(dni[ lK)n[ s>g\h
krvimi> aiÄyi[. aiy&<v[d ai(dn&> Xin g\>Yi[mi> Åli[ki[$p[ s>g\(ht krvimi>
aiÄy&>. (v(vF (vPyi[n&> Xin 'AmZ(t" $p[ p\gT Yy&>.
(vwi p\i(¼t:- nil>di tx(Sli, vÃlB), (vwip)qi[ ht). (vd[SY) (vwiY)<ai[
Xin p\i(¼t miT[ Ryi> jti hti. aiy&v<[d, kliai[, Fit&(vXin, vA#i(vXin,
ai(d gZhuwi[gi[ni[ (vkis Yyi[ hti[. GN) bF) c)jvAt&ai[n) (nkil (vVmi>
jm)n mig<[ t[m j sm&W mig<[ Yt) ht).
hy&-a[n s>g miki[<[pi[li[ j[vi (vd[S) py<Tki[a[ Birt vP<ni si>AkZ(tk
(vkisn&> vN<n ky&< C[. bc) gy[li s>AkZt g\>Yi[mi> ai Xinn>& rxN Yy&> C[.
(vd`- Xin[
(vd`- smiyim`
(vd`-(vcirN[

4. 4
Xin, p\B&Rv an[ (c>tn (vwini lxNi[ hti ~&(t an[ AmZ(tmi> ain&>
p\(t(b>b ji[vi mL[ C[.
 p&n: jigrN- Renai ssance :
e.s.500 vP< B.C. mhiv)r Avim) an[ gi]tm b&¹F[ p&n: jigrN ky&<. Fm<
{kt<Äy} piln upr Bir m&k)n[ km<ki>Dni[ (vri[F kyi[<. BirtvP<mi> b\iMN pr>pri
an[ ~mN pr>prini[ a[m b[ni[ p\ir>B Yyi[. b\iMNi[ m*(t<p*ji an[ km<ki>D upr Bir
m&kvi li³yi. jyir[ mhiv)r Avim) an[ gi]tmb&¹F ~mN pr>pri oiri t_vdS<n
(The Philosophy) upr Bir m&kvi li³yi.
gi]tm b&¹F FÀm> SrN> gµCi(m. an[
mhiv)r Avim)a[ a(h>si prmi[ Fm<:. s*#ii[ ai¼yi>.
t[mN[ b\iMNi[ni g>\Yi[n[ AYin[ (#i(pTk an[ aigmi[ nimni> Fm<piln miT[
mig<dS<n krti> p&Atki[ l²yi>. t[mni (vciri[ni p\cir- p\sir miT[ mqn) AYipni
kr).
e.s.n) ci[Y) sd)mi> aSi[k[ gi]tm b&¹Fni (vciri[ apniv)n[ t[ni[ p\cir –
p\sir (vd[Si[mi> kyi[<.
gi]tm b&¹F an[ mhiv)r Avim)a[ m*(t<p*jini[ an[ km<ki>Dni[ (vri[F kyi[<.
aiRmi, prmiRmi, p&n: jºm ai(dni[ (vri[F kyi[<. aiY) b\iMN pr>pria[ t[ai[n[
ni(Atk kHi. ~mN a[Tl[ v]rig).
 (c(kRsi p¹F(t: u_ir Birt vP<mi> aiy&<v<[d an[ d(xN Birt vP<mi> (s¹F (c(kRsi
p¹F(tni[ (vkis Yyi[ an[ t[ni[ f[livi[ (vwip)qi[mi> apiti Xin vD[ Yyi[.
 y&¹F ki]Sl: t)r ki>mqini s>Si[Fn oiri SA#iiA#ini[ (vkis Yyi[. d&Æmnn[ SA#i
an[ aA#ii[ vD[ pri(jt krvimi> aiyi[<a[ ki]SÃy p\i¼t ky&<.
 Fit& (vXin: li[K>D, si[n&>, ci>d), piri[, ti>b&, ai(d Kn)ji[ p\i¼t krvin&> Xin
m[LÄy>& an[ t[n) gZh uwi[gi[ oiri uRpidn kr) (nkis krvimi> aivt). h)ri –
jvihritn[ kirN[ si[n) k) (c(Dyi a[v>& upnim BirtvP<n[ mÇy&>. si[ni ci>d)ni[
upyi[g kr) zr) BrtviLi> vA#ii[ bniv) (nkis krvimi> aivti> hti>. li[K>Dni>
ai[jiri[ bniv) t[n) (nkis Yvi lig). BirtvP<mi> (v(vF gZhuwi[gni[ ud`Bv
Yyi[.

5. 5
 Sisn: nini> rjviDi> ni Sisk rijiai[ an[ mhirijiai[ hti. j[ pr>prigt
rijiSih) ht). rjviDi> (v(vF kirNi[n[ le zGDti> hti. BirtvP<mi> ki[e k[ºW)y
s_ii n ht). kr–v[rin) uGriN) krvi nin) qkridi[ ht). gimDin) rxi an[
Sisn g\im sBi vD[ Yt&>.
 ºyiyt>#i :
gimDi>mi> p[di Yt) smAyiai[ni[ ºyiy srp>c oiri Yti[. gimmi> j[ni[ ºyiy
n Yyi[ hi[y t[ smAyi rijdrbirmi> jt), Ryi> rijyni d)vin t[ni upr ºyiy
krti hti. riji Fm<d>D FirN krti hti. aFm< krnir Äy(ktn) t[n[ kr[li
apriF p\miN[ sji Yt). ai sji rijin) aiRmlx) (Subjective) (vciri[ p\miN[
rh[t) ht). k[Tlik rjviDi> aniRmlx) (Objective) (vciri[ p\miN[ sji krti> hti>.
ai sjin) bibt rij drbirn) p\kZ(t (Nature) upr rh[t). ºyiyt>#i 'Fm<" (c>tn
aiFi(rt ht&>>.
 kliai[ :
aim ti[ 64 kliai[ C[. t[mi> 16 m&²y kliai[ C[. (c#i, s>g)t-nZRy, AYipRy,
(SÃp, kLiai[ni[ BirtvP<mi> (vkis Yyi[ si(hRykLi pN kli tr)k[ (v²yit C[.
 vA#i - uRpidn :
kpis, r[Sm, ai(d r[Siai[mi>Y) jr)-Brtni> vA#ii[ t]yir kr) (vd[Smi>
(nkis krvimi> aivti>
 t[jini - uRpidn :
mr), a[liec), tj v[g[r[ t[jinin&> uRpidn kr) (vd[S (nkis krvimi>
aivt) ht).
 gZh uwi[gi[ :
cimDi> pkv) t[mi>Y) j&d)-j&d) c)j-vAt&ai[ bniv) (nkis krvimi> aivt).
likDimi>Y) Jvn-j$r)yitn) vAt&ai[ bniv) v[cvimi> aivt). pRYri[mi>Y) Jvn
upyi[g) vAt&ai[ bniv) (nkis krvimi> aivt). gZh uwi[gi[ BirtvP<n) ai(Y<k
p\vZ(_ini[ p\iN hti[.

6. 6
 Fm<SiA#ii[ :
Fm< a[Tl[ kt<Äyi[. minv Jvnmi> Äy(kta[ ke frji[ bjvv) an[ k[v)
p\vZ(_i n krv). t[ni (vS[ni Fm<g\>Yi[ lKvimi> aiÄyi hti. ai Fm<g\>Yi[n&> a¹yipn
Fmi[<ciyi[< krti hti.
 avtirvid an[ 'Fm<" :
aiy< an[ W(vD s>AkZ(tni smºvyY) avtirvid an[ 'Fm<" ni[ ai(vBi<v
Yyi[. p\ic)n ä(P-m&(nai[a[ p]ri(Nk viti<ai[ oiri t[ni[ p\cir-p\sir kyi[<<. b\Mi,
(vON& an[ mh[S a[vi #iN d[vi[ni[ ai(vBi<v Yyi[. n)c[n) pi]ri(Nk viti< Fm<ni
ud`Bv (vS[ jiNkir) aip[ C[.
''b\MiJ a[ 'Fm<" p&@Pni[ ai(vBi<v kyi[<. t[n[ 'dyi" nimn) p\jip(tn)
kºyi siY[ prNiÄyi[. aiY) nr an[ niriyN b[ p&#ii[ jºÀyi nr a[Tl[ minv an[
niriyN a[Tl[ (vON&. niriyN eºWn) gid) l[vi tp krvi b[qi. eºWa[ g(Nkiai[
mi[kl) t[mni[ tp B>g kriÄyi[ niriyN[ ji>G {u@} mi>Y) uv<S) nimn) g(Nki p[di
kr). eºWn) g(Nkiai[ l¶ji pim) jt) rh). niriyN[ uv<S) eºWn[ B[>Tmi> aip).
eºW[ uv<S) nimn) g(Nki n[ B[Tmi> aip) prNiv) d)F).
minv Fm<ni p&#ii[ C[. Fm< a[Tl[ kt<Äy(nOqi. minv[ SiVt Fm<n&> piln
krvin&> hi[y C[. BirtvP<mi> 'snitn Fm<" p\vt[< C[.
(vON& pN Fm<ni p&#i C[. (vON&ni avtiri[ pZ¸v) pr Fm<n) AYipni krvi
vir>vir avtir FirN kr[ C[. aRyir s&F) mRAyivtir, k*mi<vtir, vrihivtir,
nZ(s>hivtir, vimnavtir, prS*rimivtir, rimivtir, kZONivtir, an[
b&Üivtir a[m nv avtir Yyi C[. ai(d S>kriciy[< gi]tm b&Ü an[ mhiv)r
Avim)a[ v[di>t aYi<t` Fm< aYi<t` t_vdS<nni[ p\cir-p\sir kyi[<. B(vOymi> 'kÃk)"
avtir YS[ a[v) FirNi C[.
v[d ÄyisJa[ 'Fm><" avtirvid aYi<t` v[di>t aYi<t` t_vXin (The
Philosophy) n) AYpini kr). u_ir m)mi>si aYvi Fm<m)mi>sin&> l[Kn ky&<>.
mhiBirtn) rcni oiri Fm<ni piln (vS[ (vAt&t (vvrN ky<>&>. u_irm)mi>si
b\Ms*#i pN kh[viy C[.

7. 7
 nZv>Si[n&> s>(m~N: aiy<,d`(vD,ai(dvis) nZv>Si[ (Races) n&> s>(m~N
(Fusion) v[di>t s>AkZ(tmi> p\(t(b>(bt Yiy C[.
Fm< aFm<
1 k@Ni siY[ kt<Äy Bivnin&> piln
krv&> a[Tl[ Fm<piln
1 k@Ni vgr kt<Äy (nOqin&> piln n krv&>
a[Tl[ aFm<
2 s&K,smZ(Ü an[ (vkis Fm< piln
oiri Yiy
2 d&:K, gr)b) an[ p\g(th)nti aFm<
oiri Yiy
3 Fm< j eVr aiRmi, prmiRmi an[
d[v) – d[vti C[.
3 aFm< j jDti C[.
4 Fm< j b\h`m C[. 4 aFm< j b\h`mh)nti C[.
5 km<ki>D a[ Fm< nY) 5 aFm< km<ki>D oiri Yiy
6 Fm< j v[di>t C[. 6 v[di>tni[ (trAkir aFm< C[.
7 Fm< j t_vdS<n C[. 7 t_vdS<nni[ (trAkir aFm< C[.
8 Fm< a(At_v miT[ C[. 8 aFm< (vniS miT[ C[.
9 Fm<piln v[di>t an[ t_vdS<nn&>
Äyivhi(rk Av@p C[.
9 aFm< awi[g(t, (vniS an[ d&:Kn&> kirN
C[.
10 Fm< mi[x {m&(kt, lÈyp\i(¼t} n&>
kirN C[[.
10 aFm< b>Fn, (nOfLtin&> kirN C[.
11 (vwi an[ Fm<piln a[k (skkin)
b[ bij& C[.
11 aFm< an[ a(vwi a[k (skkin) b[ bij&
C[. {a(vwi a[Tl[ aXin} {aFm< a[Tl[
kt<Äyh)nti}
12 Xin Fm<piln trf le jiy C[. 12 aXin aFm< trf le jiy C[.
13 Fm< piln j sRy a(h>si aAt[y,
ap(rg\h an[ b\hmcy< C[.
13 aFm< asRy (h>si,At[y {ci[r)} p(rg\h
{Fn upr vc<Av} an[ ab\h`mcy<
{a]Vy<Bivni[ (trAkir} C[.
14 Fm< j (vON&, niriyN, rim an[
kZON C[.
14 aFm< (vON&, niriyN, rimikZON ni d]v)
pNini[ (trAkir C[.
15 Fm< smij, k&T&>b,riOT^,ai(dn&> FirN
kr[ C[.
15 aFm<, k&T&>b, smij, riOT^ ai(dni[ (vniS
kr[ C[.
16 mitZFm<, (ptZFm<, nig(rkFm<, a(d
Fm<pilnni> a>gi[ C[.
16 mitZFm<n>& pilnn krv&>, (ptZFm<n&> piln n
krv&>; nig(rkn Fm<n&> piln n krv&;>
vg[r[ an[k Fmi[<n&> pilnn krv&> t[
aFm<ni> a>gi[ C[.
17 r(xt : Fm< r(x(t rxiy[li[ Fm<
aipN&> rxN kr[ C[.
17 h(ºt Fm<: ht: hNiy[li[ Fm< aYi<t` aFm<
aipNn[ mir) niK[ C[.
18 Fm< amZt C[. 18 aFm< z[r C[.
19 Fm< d]v) Biv C[. 19 aFm< ais&r) Biv C[.
20 Fm< k@Ni C[. 20 aFm< (h>si C[.
21 Fm< p&·y C[. 21 aFm< pip C[.

8. 8

v[di>t :- b[ s>AkZ(tai[ni smºvyn&> nimkrN 'v[di>t" riKvimi> aiÄy&> v[di>t =
v[d + a>t. v[[di>t a[Tl[ v[di[ni[ sir (Vedant means essence of knowledge or
ved) v[di>t a[Tl[ t_vXin (The Philosophy) Fm< a[Tl[ k@Ni siY[ p(v#i
kt<Äy Bivni (Dharma means divine duties with compassion) t_vXinn&>
Äyvhi(rk @p Fm<piln C[. Fm<piln a[Tl[ t_vXin n&> Äyvhirmi>
aml)krN a[Tl[ Fm<piln. mhiv)r Avim) an[ gi]tm b&¹F[ ai (nOkP<< (vS[
upd[S ai¼yi[, pr>t& ai bibtn[ GNi ai[Ci (voini[ smJ Skyi. j[n[ kirN[
aY<ni[ anY< kr)n[ upd[S ai¼yi[. t_vdS<n smyni vh[Nmi> s>p\diymi>
p(rNÀy>& (The Philosophy in the course of time has turned into religion)
 Fm<n) Äyi²yi :-
1. (F\yt[ li[k: an[n Fr(t vi e(t Fm<:.
aYi<t`: a[v) kt<Äy Bivni aYvi kt<Äy (nOqi j[ni vD[ ai pZ¸v)
li[k aYvi ai (vVn&> FirN Yiy aYvi FirN krvimi> aiv[ minv
Äyvhir a[vi> hi[vi[ ji[ea[ j Fm< {kt<Äy (nOqi} sip[x hi[y
2. yt: aÀy&dy(n ~[ys`(s(¹F: s : Fm<:. kNid`ä(P
j[ Äyvhir vD[ smZ(¹F an[ BÄytin) (s(¹F p\i¼t Yiy t[ kt<Äyn[ Fm<
kh[viy. smij (vVvn) smZ(¹F Fm<n) (nOp(t C[.
3. a(h>si prmi[ Fm<: mhiv)r Avim)
Fm< a[Tl[ a[vi[ minv Äyvhir j[ a(h>si sip[x hi[y.
4. FÀm> SrN> gµCi(m. gi]tm b&¹F
h&> mir&> minv Jvn Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} ni SrNmi> le jiu> C&>.
5. Fm[< rh(s up(nPd`. - amrki[S

9. 9
Fm< aYi<t` kt<Äy Bivnin&> rhAy btiv[ t[n[ up(nPd` kh[viy C[.
aYi<t` up(nPd` (v(vF minv Fmi[<n&> vN<n kr[ C[.

6. k@Nisip[xi kt<Äy(nOqi Fm<: pÞ~)m&(n
aYi<t` j[ minv Äyvhir k@Ni y&kt hi[y t[n[ Fm< kh[viy C[. minv
Äyvhirmi> dyi, shin&B*(t an[ k@Ni hi[v) j$r) C[.
t_vXin :- The Philosophy
v[di>tn&> aºy nim t_vdS<n C[. v[di>t aYvi t)vdS<n n&> Äyivhi(rk Av$p
(Nature of Practice) or behaviors Fm<piln C[. ~)md` Bgvd` g)ti, b|h`ms*#i,
up(nPd a[Tl[ v[di>t PD`dS<n (#ip)Tk,aigmi[ a[Tl[ v[di>t
PD` dS<ni[ :-
v]S[(Pk : kNid`
gi]tm : ºyiy
yi[g : pt>j(l
j](m(n : p*v<m)mi>si
si>²y : k(pl
u_irm)mi>si : v[d Äyis
m[Git)(Y : g(Nt SiA#i, pi(v#y (nmi>ti, rixs (nP*dn.
gZRsmd` : s>GS(ktni ud`giti.
#iyAfDn : d]v) nivni Si[Fk, sv<#i (vSimtini[ s>d[S d[nir.
S>K : aiy&v[<d ØOTi, p\yi[gv)r.
yir)vÃky : t_vXinni (pti, yi[(gÅvr Xinni B>Dir.
nird : d[vd*t Äyvhir Xin), pri an[ apri (vwini a¹y<ti.
si>(D±y : a(³n(pti, jl(vwi, aiRmdS<n, B(ktdS<n.
d[vl : Xin an[ Bivni[ smºvy, S&Û)krN oiri ap)<krN.
v[d Äyis kZON o]piyn : jgd`g&$ Xinsigr, diS<(nk (Sri[m(N, b\Ms*#i,
u_irm)misini rcy)ti.
v(SOq : rimni g&@, yi[g vi(sOqyni rcy)ti, a@ºFt)ni p(t.

10. 10
viÃm)k) : rimiyNni rcy)ti.
jibi(l jmd(³n : prs&rimni (pti
gi[tm, gi]tm : ºyiy dS<nni rcy)ti.
BZg& : a(³nn>& Xin p\i¼t krnir BZg&v>Sni jmd(³n ä(Pni p&#i)
an[ prS&rimni (pti.
si>(dp(n : kZON an[ blrimni p\cir – p\sir, aiy< o(vDs>AkZ(tai[
vµc[ smºvy krnir.
a>(grs : d[vi[ an[ minvi[ vµc[ni d*t, b\M(vwin>& p\vt<n ky<&,
ä³v[dni> s*kt bniÄyi>.
kNid : v]S[(Oik dS<nni rc(yti.
pt>j(l : yi[g dS<nni rc(yti.
j](mn) : p*v<m)mi>si dS<nni rcy)ti.
k(pl : si>²y dS<nni rcy)ti.
kiRyiyn : vi(t<kni rcy)ti.
Sikym&(n : gi]tm b&(Û.
Brtm&(n : rs(sÛiºt p\At&t krnir.
mr)(c :
a(#i :
p&lARy :
p&lh :
k|t& :
bZhAp(t : d[vi[ni g&@
m]#iiv@N :
S&k|iciy< : as&ri[ni g&@
a]tr[y : a]tr[y up(nPd`ni rcy)ti.
 ä(P - m&(nai[ni nim an[ t[mn) (vS[Pti
1. agARy – sv<#i, ap\(tht g(t, sm(p<t Jvn, u_ir – d(xN
s>AkZ(t smºvyni s[t&.
2. viom<d[v – jl(vwi, ais&r)vZ(_ini s>hirk, prmt_vdOTi.
3. mF&rGºdi – sv<#i miF&y< dS<n, srAvt) upisk, (nä(t A#ii[ti[.

11. 11
4. d)G<tms` - s*y< (vPyk s>Si[Fni[ , b\M – x[#i smºvy.


 aOTi>g yi[g - yi[gdS<n pt>j(l.

ym, (nym aisin p\iNiym, p\Ryihir, FirNi, ¹yin, smi(F aOTi] a>gi(n.
1. ym – a(h>si, sRy, aAt[y {ci[r) n krv)}, ap(rg\h {Fn upr (ny>#iN
n lidv>&.}, b\Mcy< {mnmi> a]Åvy< Biv}
2. (nym – Si]c {(vcir an[ Äyvhirmi> AvµCti}, s>ti[P, tp, Avi¹yiy,
eÅvr p\(NFin.
{a} Si]c – mnmi> Krib (vciri[n) m&(kt.
{b} tp - Sr)r oiri d&:Ki[n[ sh[vin) an[ (n(Vt ¹y[y miT[ yt)
krvi[ t[.
{k} Avi¹yiy – Fm<SiA#ii[n&> an&S)ln krv>& t[.
{D} eÅvr p\(NFin – pi[tin>& sd`km< eÅvrn[ ap<N krv>&.
3. aisn – Sr)rni> aisni[ vD[ Sr)rn[ t>d&rAt bnivv>&. (c_imi> a[kig\ti
p[di krv).
4. p\iNiym – Åvisn) g(t upr (nymn krv>&. U>Di Åvis l[vi.
5. FirNi – mnn[ a[k j (vPymi> pri[vv>&.
6. ¹yin - ¹yinivAYimi> mn biH (vciri[mi> BTkt>& nY). gi]tm b&Ûn[
p)pLvZx n)c[ ¹yinmi> ''sRy"" p\i¼t Yy>&. Xin p\i(¼t ¹yinivAYimi> Yiy.
7. p\Ryihir – aihirmi> (nymi[n>& piln krv>& t[.
8. smi(F – aiRmi, prmiRmi vµc[ Xiti – A#i[yni[ sb>F d*r Yiy C[.
 v[di>t s>AkZ(tni pi>c p\iN
2. vNi<~m ÄyvAYi – b\iMN, x(#iy, v]Æy, hAtkli(vd` {S&W}
3. s>Akir – {ai p&Atkmi> jiNkir) C[.}
4. p>cmhiyXFm< - {ai p&Atkmi> jiNkir) C[.}
5. p&r&OiiY< - Fm<, aY<, kim, mi[x.

12. 12
6. km< - p&nj<ºm – j[v>& km< {Fm< aYvi aFm< y&ktFm< } t[[v>& fL
p\i¼t YS[ t[v) miºyti.

v]Xi(nk p\g(t :-
{1} aiy<BÍ e.s.476 mi> jºÀyi. t[mN[ b[ Bigmi> aiy<BÍ)m` nimn&> p&Atk 23
vP<n) u>mr[ l²y&> ht&>>. t[mN[ vt&<Lni[ (#ijyini[ r(Syi[ (Ration) 3.1416 ai¼yi[
hti[. avkiS (vXin (vS[ jiNkir) aip).
{2} b\Mg&¼t 598 e.s.mi> jºÀyi hti. t[mN[ b\MAf*T (sÜi>t p&Atk 30 vP<n) u>mr[
l²y&. t[mN[ avkiS (vXin (vS[ Xin ai¼y&>>
{3} BiAkriciy< e.s.1114 mi> jºÀyi t[mN[ cir p\krNmi> (sÜi>t (Sri[m(N nimn&>
p&Atk l²y&>. avkiS (vXinn&> (n$pN ky&<>>. aiy<BÍn) Si[F uprY) t[mN[
S*ºyni[ ud`Bv kyi[<.
uprni #iN g(NtSiA#i)ai[ (vS[ mhin v]Xi(nk aiÃbT< aieºATien[
kH&> ''aipN[ Birt)yi[ni äN) C)a[; j[mN[ aipNn[ k[v) r)t[ gNv&>. t[
S)KÄy&> C[; j[ni vgr upyi[g) v]Xi(nk Si[Fi[ Ye Sk) n hi[t"" (We owe a lot
to the Indians who taught us how to count, without which no worth while scientific
discovery could have been made – Albert Einstein)
 si(hRy :
riji Bi[jni smymi> k(vvr ki(ldis jºÀyi t[mN[ rG&v>S nimn&>
mhikiÄy l²y&>. an[ Sik&ºtlm` nimn&> niTk l²y&>. jm<n k(v g[T
Sik&ºtlm`Y) a[Tli bFi p\Bi(vt Yyi k[ t[ai[ miYi pr Sik&ºtlm` m*k)n[
nicvi li³yi.
 s>AkZt` BiPi :
pi(N(n tx(Slini (vwiY)< hti. 'BiPi" n[ srL bnivvi
'aOTi¹yiy)" nimni[ g\>Y lK) t[mN[ ÄyikrN srL bniÄy&> an[ 'BiPi" n[
bdl[ 's>AkZtm`" a[v&> nim ai¼y&>.
 a(t(Y d[vi[ Bv :

13. 13
m&slmini[ an[ a>g\[ji[ BirtvP<mi> a(t(Y bn)n[ aiÄyi. ai
a(t(Yai[ k|*rti btiv)n[ BirtvP<n) p\ji siY[ dgi[ kyi[<.
 a(h>si prmi[ Fm< :
y&Ü ki]Slni[ Ryig kr)n[ S#i&n[ pN (m#i bniv)n[ BirtvP<n)
p\jia[[ aRyiciri[ shn kyi<.
ptn :-
disti, prt>#iti, g&lim) k[ Slavery minvmi> jDti k[ p\iN)Biv (Animal
nature) p[di kr[ C[. 800 vP<n) g&lim)n[ kirN[ BirtvP<n) p\jimi> pS&ti p[di Ye
ge C[.
 m*(t<p*jki[ ki(fr :
m&slmin Siski[ siY[ eAlim s>p\diyni upd[Ski[ pN aiÄyi. t[mN[
m*(t<p*ji[ ki(fr C[. a[vi[ upd[S ai¼yi[. ai m*(t<p*jki[n[ mirviY) p&·y mL[
C[. a[vi[ upd[S ai¼yi[. m*(t<p*jki[n) sim*(hk ktl krvimi> aiv).
 (vwip)qi[ni[ niS :
nil>di, tx(Sli an[ vÃlB) j[v) (vwip)qi[ni[ niS krvimi> aiÄyi[.
Ryi>ni a¹yipki[, (vwiY)<ai[n) ktl krvimi> aiv). Xinni> p&Atki[ni[ niS
krvimi> aiÄyi[. a¹yyn – a¹yipnn) p\(k|yini[ niS Yyi[. pr>prigt
Xinni> p&Atki[ni[ niS kyi[<. (vd[SY) a¹yipn krvi aivti (vwiY)<ai[ni[
p\vih b>F Ye gyi[.
 p\iY<ni AYLi[ni[ niS :
rimm>(dr, kZONm>(dr, (Svm>(dr, j[vi> an[k pr>prigt t)Y< AYLi[ni[
niS kyi[< Ryi> m&slmin Siski[a[ mAJdi[ ai(dn&> (nmi<N ky&<>. j[mk[
ayi[¹yimi> rim m>(drn) j³yia[ bibr) mAJd bniv). (dÃh)mi> m>(dr ti[D)n[
k*t*bm)nir bniÄyi>. BirtvP<mi> an[k p\iY<ni AYLi[ni[ niS m&slmin
Siski[a[ kyi[<.
 aRyicir - Terrorism :

14. 14
{1} A#i)ai[ni> aphrN : m&slmin Siski[a[ A#i)ai[, Ci[kr)ai[ni> aphrN
kr) (vd[Smi> le je hriJ kr).

{2} A#i)ai[ upr bLiRkir : a[k m&slmin cir A#i)ai[ siY[ prN) Sk[
a[vi[ (nym bniv). m&slmini[ an[k A#i)ai[ upr bLiRkir krvi li³yi.
{3} sim*(hk ktl : p\ji pr Fik b[siDvi m&slmin an[ a>g\[j Siski[a[
j(lyivilibig, mingQ {rijAYin} j[vi> AYLi[a[ sim*(hk ktl kr).
{4} CL-kpT : aiKi BirtvP< upr Sisn krvi an[ tib[ n Yti> zi>s)
an[ (dÃh)ni Siski[ni[ niS krvi 1857 ni[ bLvi[ (Mutiny) a[vi j*qi
smiciri[ f[liv) zi>s)ni riN)n) ktl kr). bhid*rSih jfrn[ j[lmi> p*yi[<
an[ t[ni p&#ii[n) ktl a>g\[ji[a[ kr).
{5} Fn pDiv) l[v&> : m&slmin an[ a>g\[j Siski[a[ BitrvP<n) p\jin&>
l*>TfiT, FiD, krv[ri ai(d $p[ pDiv) l)F>&. si[ni, ci>d), zv[rit, Fn an[
ai Fnni[ upyi[g tijmhil j[vi> Amirki[ bnivvimi>> kyi[<.
 Avminn[ hi(n :
BirtvP<n) p\ji g&lim) drÀyin Avmin vgr rh). kiym (vd[S)
Siski[ni[ By p\jin[ stivt[ rHi[. jyir[ m&slmin an[ a>g\[j Sisk
eµCti Ryir[ vgr vi>k[ p\jin[ pkD) ktl krti k[ j[lmi> mi[kl) d[ti hti.
zi>s)n) riN) m(hli hi[vi Cti> t[mn) ktl a>g\[ji[a[ kr). k|*r a>g\[ji[a[
A#i) di(x·y jiLÄy&> n(h.
 BiPin&> aF:ptn:- s>AkZt` BiPin&> k\mS: aF:ptn Yy&> s>AkZtm` BiPini>
p&Atki[n&> sj<n b>F Ye gy&>.
ji[ d[Sn) BiPi niS pim[ ti[ t[n) s>AkZ(t pN niS pim[ C[ aYi<t`
d[Sn) sAkZ(tn&> p\(t(b>b t[n) BiPimi> hi[y C[.
 kYiai[n&> aF:ptn:- Kis kr)n[ AYipRy an[ (SÃpkliai[n&> k\mS:
aF:ptn Yy&>.m>(dr g&r&oiri, d[vL, ai(d pr>prigt v[di>t s>AkZ(t
aiFi(rt AYipRyi[n&> (nmi<>N b>F Ye gy&>.

15. 15
 s>Si[Fnni[ aBiv:- y&¹okLi miT[n&> Si[Fn s>p*N< b>F Yy&>. ti[p, b>d&k,ai(d
sim[ s>Si[Fn Ye S±y&> n(h, mi[Gli[ ti[p nimni aA#iY) (vjy) Yyi.
ag\[ji[ b>d*ki[ vD[ (vjy) Yyi. aim BirtvP<mi> y&o miT[ni SA#iiA#ii[n&>
uRpidn b>F Ye gy&>.
 gZh uwi[gi[ni[ niS:- a>g\[ji[ e³l[ºDmi> uRpidn kr) BirtvP<mi> v[pir krvi
li³yi.aiY) BirtvP<ni gZhuwi[gi[ni[ niS Yyi[.
 v]ci(rk aF:ptn:- (vd[S) kh[viti (voini[a[ BirtvP<mi> pi[tin)
(vcirFiri f[liv) aipN) p\ic)n ä(P-m&(nai[n) (vcirFirini[ Ryig kyi[<.
BirtvP<ni kh[viti (voini[a[ (vd[S) kh[viti (voini[n) (vcirFiri
apniv) an[ t[n[ sRy minvi li³yi.aYi<t` Xenocentrism ni[ BirtvP<mi>
p\cir – p\sir Yyi[. aij[ pN BirtvP<mi>> 'hiY) di[rDi j[vi[ C[." t[v) (vwi
S)Kvi aYvi khi[ k[ a(vwin&> a¹yyn- a¹yipn Ye rH>& C[.
BirtvP<n) p\ji s>p\diy (Religion) an[ t_vdS<n (The Philosophy)
vµc[ni[ B[d B*l) ge C[ sv<#i s>p\diyn) bi[lbili C[. v[di>t aYvi
tRvdS<n n[ ki[e jiNt&> nY).
m&slmini[ an[ (K\At)ai[n) s>AkZ(tn&> v[di>t s>AkZ(tn&> upr aik`mN
Ye rH>& C[.
B(vOymi> m&slmini[ BirtvP< upr Sisn krS[ an[ eAlim
s>AkZ(tn&> BirtvP< upr p\B&Rv p\AYi(pt Ye jS[.
g&lim)n[ kirN[ BirtvP< upr aXin Äyi¼t Ye gy&> C&>. (vwilyi[mi>
aXinn&> a¹yyn a¹yipn Ye rH&> C[. BirtvP<ni Siski[ mhin aXin)
an[ t[Y) d[SWi[h) C[.t[ai[ mi#i s_ii g\hN krvimi> p\vZ_i C[. BirtvP<ni
a(AtRv miT[ t[ai[ sh[j pN (c>ti krti nY). BirtvP<n) v[di>t sAkZ(t
(vS[ sh[j pN (c>(tt nY).
 ºyiyt>#in&> aF:ptn:- p\ic)n jminiY) Fm< - aFm< {kt<Äy Bivni kt<Äy
h)nti} aiFir[ ºyiy Yti[ an[ d>D Yti[ hti[. a>g\[ji[a[ si(bt) aiFi(rt
d>D aipvin&> S$ ky&<[. a[k (ndi[<Pn[ sji n Yiy t[ miT[ 99 g*nimi> pkDiy[li

16. 16
Äy(ktn[ m&kvin) n)(t apniv). ºyiy aipvimi> m&dt piD)n[ (dvsi[ psir
krvin) n)(t apniv). vk)li[n) mdd le, ºyiyF)Sn[ li>c aip) g*n[giri[
C&T) jiy C[.
aim ºyiyt>#in&> aF:ptn Yy&> C[.
 Kim)y&kt s>(vFin:- s_ii (Authority) bibt[ ki[n) pis[ a>(tm s_ii C[ t[n&>
ApOT)krN Yy&> nY). aiY) s_iin) vh[cN) YE gE C[. p\jin&> rxN Yt&>
nY). m&slmin Siski[ an[ a>g\[j Siski[ t[mni[ (vri[F krnir d&:Æmn C[
t[v&> min) t[n) ktl krti, ºyiy j[v&> g&lim)mi> k>e n(h. b>FirN j[v&>
g&lim)mi> kS&> ht&> n(h.
 Si[PN:- BirtvP<n) p\jin&> ai(Y<k, simi(jk,rijn)(tk an[ si>p\di(yk
Si[PN g&lim)mi> krvimi> aiÄy&>. rijAYinni x(#iyi[a[ pi[tin) kºyiai[
m&slmini[n[ aip) rijp*ti[ bn) rjviDi> le mi[Gli[n&> sim\i¶y f[livimi>
mdd kr). BirtvP<n) si>p\di(yk p\vZ(tai[ upr (ny>#iN m&kvimi> aiÄy&>.
krv[ri oiri Fn B[g&> ky&<[. A#i)ai[ upr bLiRkir an[ A#i)ai[n&> aphrN
kr) t[mn)[ n)lim) kr). s_iini p\Biv miT[ drbir)ai[ B[gi krvimi> aivti.
rijp*ti[ mi[Gli[ni kºyipxni v[vieai[ bºyi. mi[Gli[n&> sim\i¶y f[livnir
d[SWi[h)ai[ bºyi. a>g\[ji[n) s_ii Tkiv) riKvi a>g\[ji[n) mdd krnir
rjviDi> bºyi. s>p\diy p(rvt<n oiri m&slmini[ an[ (K\At)ai[ bniÄyi.
 v[di>t s>AkZ(tn&> aF:ptn:- dr[k s>AkZ(t n[ a>gi[ hi[y C[. v[di>t) s>AkZ(tn[
bdl Birt)y s>AkZ(t" a[v&> nimkrN Yy&>. viAtvmi> pr>prigt v[di>t
s>AkZ(t" ÄyisJni mhiBirt rcni oiri kiym) C[: v[di>t a[Tl[ tRvXin
BirtvP<mi> tRvXin (The philosophy) aYvi v[di>t SiVt C[ a[Tl[ j t[n[
'snitn Fm<"kh[viy C[. v[di>tn&> Äyivhi(rk (vvrN Fm<-aFm< aiFi(rt
C[. v[di>t Fm<nipiln an[ aFm<ni (trAkirviLi (vciri[ vgr aWÆy Ye
gy&>. BirtvP< mir) jºmB*(m C[. t[n[ miT[ b(ldin aipv>& a[ mir) frj C[
t[v) Bivni jt) rh). m&slmin an[ a>g\[j Siski[n[ vfidir rh[nir a[k
vg< g&lim) smy[ p[di Yyi[.aiY) 800 vP< li>bi[ smy BirtvP< prt>#i rHi[.

17. 17
 BirtvP<n&> eAmil)krN:- g&lim)n[ kirN[ A#i)ai[ upr bLiRkir Yyi.t[n[
kirN[ m&slmini[ s>p\diy p(rvt<n oiri biLki[ni[ jºm Yyi[.
ai]r>gz[b j[vi kÍrp>Y) rijn[tiai[a[ s>p\diy p(rvt<n kriÄy&>. g&r&t[g
bhid&rni[ ci>dn) ci[kmi> vF kriÄyi[.BirtvP<ni Siski[a[ m&slmini[ni
U>ci jºmdrn[ (ny>(#it krvi ki[e upiyi[ n kyi<.e.s. 1949mi> (bn
m&slmini[ an[ m&slmini[ n>& vAt)n&> p\miN 10:1 {10 j[m 1} ht&> t[ 60 vP<mi>
pi>c j[m 1 {5: 1} Yy&> aim BirtvP<n&> k`mS: eAlim)krN Ye rH&> C[ j[
BirtvP<n[ eAlim) d[S bniv) d[S[.
 BirtvP<ni Bigli:- a>g\[j Siski[a[ t[mni> (hti[ni rxN miT[
pi(kAtinan[ BirtvP< a[vi Bigli> piDyi>. n[piL,~)l>ki,B*tin,
Àyinmir a[vi> nvi> riOT^i[ bniÄyi>.
 s>p\diyi[ni[ ud`Bv:- m&slmini[ eAlim s>p\diyan[ a>g\[ji[ (K\At) s>p\diy
pim[ C[.t[n) Birtmi> pN S)K, j]n, bi]¹F a[vi s>p\diyi[ ni[ ud`Bv Yyi[.
viAtvmi> BirtvP<n) p\ji v[di>t aYvi tRvdS<nn&> piln kr[ C[.
 t_vdS<nni[ xy:- v[di>t a[Tl[ tRvdS<n s>p\diyai[ni[ p\Biv vFti>
t_vdS<nni[ xy Yvi li³yi[. BirtvP<n) p\ji g&lim)n[ kirN[ km<ki>Dmi>
p\vZt bn) an[ Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} ni pilnmi> (n(Ok|y bn). BirtvP<n&>
rxN krvimi> BirtvP<n) p\ji (n(OfL bn) C[.
 kiyr p\ji:- g&lim)n[ kirN[ BirtvP<n) p\ji kiyr bn) ge C[. p[itini
a(Fkiri[n&> rxN krvimi> p\ji (nmi<Ãy bn) ge C[. m&slmini[n) vs(t
k*dk[ n[ B*sk[ vF) rh) C[. t[m Cti> m&slmini[n) vs(tn[ (ny>(#it krvi
a[k pN n[ti aigL aivti[ nY). kiliFn, B\OTicir, vg[r[ j[vi m&d`i
aigL Fr)n[ pi[t[ mhin n[ti C[ t[vi[ Qi[>g kr[ C[. BirtvP<n) p\jin[ g&mrih
aivi n[tiai[ kr) rHi C[. g&lim)n[ kirN[ BirtvP<mi> Stm&K (v(npit Ye
rHi[ C[. ain[ ri[kvi miT[ a[k pN n[ti aigL aiÄyi[ nY). am[(rkn
k>pn)ai[ BirtvP<n&> Si[PN K&Ãl[aim kr[ C[. pN t[mni Si[PNn[ ri[kvi a[k

18. 18
pN n[ti aigL aiÄyi[ nY). BirtvP<ni Siski[ pi(kAtinY) Drti Ye
gyi C[. pi(kAtinni> aN& h(Yyiri[ BirtvP<ni (vniS miT[ p*rti> C[.
ai h(Yyiri[ bnivvi ki[N[ mdd kr) ? BirtvP<ni Siski[ Si miT[ (n(Ok|y
bn)n[ b[s) rHi? Si miT[ pi(kAtin ni> aN& h(Yyiri[ni[ niS BirtvP[<
kyi[< n(h?
 (vwin)(tni[ niS:- a>g\[ji[a[ klik< p[di krvi miT[ (vwin)(t bniv).
s>Si[Fn ni[ upy[ig SA#ii[ bnivvi kyi[<[. Brain drain oiri BirtvP<ni
s>Si[Fki[ni[ upyi[g kyi[<[, m&slmini[a[ (vwip)qi[ni[ niS kyi<[. 600 vP< s&F)
(vwi a¹yyn - a¹yipn s>p*N< pN[ niS Yyi[. 1835 mi> li[D< m[ki[la[
a>g[J mi¹ymmi> (vwi ap<Nni[ p\ir>B kyi<[. a>g[J BiPi oiri aXinn) -
(vwi aYvi khi[ k[ a(vwi S)Kvvimi> aiv[ C[. Avit>#yvid Xenocetrism ni[
p\Biv BirtvP< upr C[. v[di>t s>AkZ(tn&> a¹yyn a¹yipn kyi>y ji[vi
mLt&> nY).
BiPin>& sj<n : arb) S¾di[ d[S j S¾di[ an[ s>AkZtm` BiPini S¾di[ni
(m~NY) j[ BiPi bn) t[n[ (hºd) an[ ud<* a[vi> b[ nim aipvimi> aiÄyi>.
arb) S¾di[n>& bih&ÃyviL) BiPi ud<* kh[viy C[. an[ s>AkZtm` S¾di[ni
bih&ÃyviL) BiPi '(hºd)" kh[viy C[. Kr[Kr BirtvP<mi> s>AkZtm` an[ d[S
j S¾di[viL) BiPi 'Birt) BiPi" a[v>& nimkrN krv>& j$r) C[.
SihmZgvZ(t : SihmZgn[ mirvi jyir[ (Skir)ai[ t[n) piCL pD[ Ryir[
SihmZg r[t)mi> t[n>& miY>& C&piv)n[ smj[ C[ k[ mn[ mirnir ki[e (Skir)
mir) piCL pDyi[ nY).
BirtvP<mi> k*dk[ n[ B*sk[ vFt) (Skir) @p) vs(t vZ(Û BirtyvP<n[
eAlim) d[S bnivvi p\vZ_i bn) C[. Ryir[ BirtvP<n) (bn – m&slmin
p\ji ap\miNsr vFt) m&slmini[n) vs(tn[ (ny>(#it krvi p\yRnS)l
nY). BirtvP<n[ fr)Y) prt>#i bnivnir ki[e smAyi nY). a[v>& min)n[
SihmZgvZ(_i apniv) rh) C[.

19. 19

Dr. Shree. Padmsinh D Parmar
Retd. Late, Professor, B.Ed. Collage,
Godhra, Panchmahals, Gujarat,
India.
Note : This literature is published on
internet as per his last wish. The
knowledge, ideas, comments and views
are solely his ideas. (Bandh besti Paghdi
pervi nay)


English extract of the same :
The rise and fall of Vedanta and Sanatana Sanskriti (often
referred to as Sanatana Dharma, or the eternal way) in India
is a vast historical and cultural process marked by shifts in
political, religious, and philosophical landscapes. Here's a
broad overview of the key phases in this sequence:
1. Early Vedic Period (c. 1500–800 BCE): Origins and
Rise of Sanatana Sanskriti
 Beginnings: Sanatana Dharma’s roots trace back to the
Vedas, composed by Aryan tribes who migrated to the Indian
subcontinent. The earliest texts, the Rigveda, are hymns
dedicated to nature gods, reflecting a culture deeply tied to
cosmic order (ṛta).
 Establishment of Vedic Rituals: The ritualistic aspects of
Vedic culture, involving elaborate ceremonies and fire
sacrifices, dominated this period. The Brahmins (priests)

20. 20
were custodians of this knowledge, preserving and
performing the sacred rituals.
2. Later Vedic and Upanishadic Period (c. 800–500 BCE):
Rise of Vedantic Thought
 Evolution from Rituals to Philosophy: Dissatisfaction with
the ritualistic Vedic practices led to the development of the
Upanishads, or Vedanta, meaning the “end of the Vedas.”
These texts explored metaphysical questions, focusing on the
nature of the self (atman), the universe, and ultimate reality
(Brahman).
 Birth of Philosophical Inquiry: The Upanishadic sages, or
rishis, emphasized knowledge, meditation, and inner
realization over external ritual. Concepts like karma, moksha
(liberation), and the unity of atman and Brahman became
central to Vedantic philosophy, which would deeply shape
Indian spirituality.
3. Rise of Heterodox Movements (c. 600–300 BCE):
Challenges and Synthesis
 Emergence of Buddhism and Jainism: Gautama Buddha
and Mahavira founded Buddhism and Jainism, respectively,
challenging the Brahmanical orthodoxy. Both movements
rejected the authority of the Vedas, focusing on ethics,
renunciation, and non-violence.
 Influence on Vedanta: These challenges influenced Vedanta
to move beyond ritualism and adapt a more ethical and
experiential approach to spiritual practice, as seen in texts

21. 21
like the Bhagavad Gita, which harmonized Vedic ideas with
personal devotion and duty.
4. Classical Period (c. 200 BCE–500 CE): The Rise of
Puranic Sanatana Dharma
 Synthesis of Beliefs and the Bhakti Movement: As the
philosophical ideas of Vedanta evolved, they were woven
into the Puranic literature, which narrated mythologies
around gods like Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi. This period saw
the rise of devotion (Bhakti) as a path to liberation, making
spirituality more accessible.
 Development of Vedantic Schools: Thinkers like
Badarayana (author of the Brahma Sutras) formalized
Vedanta into systematic philosophy, giving rise to different
schools like Advaita (non-dualism), Vishishtadvaita
(qualified non-dualism), and Dvaita (dualism).
 Spread of Dharma Through Kings and Empires: Sanatana
Dharma spread widely through patronage by rulers like the
Gupta emperors, who promoted Hindu temples, arts, and
education systems based on dharma.
5. Medieval Period (c. 500–1500 CE): Preservation and
Challenges During Islamic Invasions
 Decline and Adaptation: With the arrival of Islamic rulers,
who often did not tolerate idol worship and Hindu
institutions, many centers of learning and temples were
destroyed. This marked a period of suppression and
concealment of Sanatana Dharma practices in certain regions.

22. 22
 Bhakti Revival and Saint Movements: To survive,
Sanatana Dharma adapted, with saints like Kabir, Mirabai,
and Chaitanya emphasizing personal devotion and creating a
movement accessible to the common people. The Bhakti
movement acted as a form of cultural resilience, keeping
Sanatana Dharma alive amidst challenges.
6. Mughal Period (c. 1526–1707 CE): Syncretism and
Revival of Vedantic Ideas
 Syncretic Cultural Exchange: During the Mughal Empire, a
degree of tolerance under rulers like Akbar fostered a cultural
synthesis. Akbar’s Din-i Ilahi attempted to merge elements of
Hinduism and Islam, creating a platform for philosophical
dialogues.
 Rise of Vedantic and Bhakti Reformers: Thinkers like
Tulsidas and poets like Surdas reinvigorated Sanatana
Dharma, blending Vedic, Puranic, and Bhakti elements.
Vedanta thrived quietly through these reformist expressions
and in regions less affected by Mughal authority.
7. British Colonial Period (c. 1757–1947): Decline,
Suppression, and Reform
 Decline Due to Western Education and Christianity:
British colonization brought Western educational models that
marginalized traditional Indian knowledge systems, labeling
them as “primitive.” Missionaries often dismissed Sanatana
Dharma as superstition, leading to a cultural and religious
decline.

23. 23
 Reform and Renaissance Movements: Reformers like
Swami Vivekananda, Ramakrishna, and Dayananda
Saraswati revived Vedanta and Sanatana Dharma,
emphasizing universalism and the core values of dharma.
Vivekananda, in particular, presented Vedanta to the Western
world, gaining global respect for Indian philosophy.
8. Post-Independence (1947–Present): Revival and Global
Influence of Vedanta
 Institutional Revitalization and Academic Interest: After
independence, Sanatana Dharma and Vedantic philosophy
experienced a resurgence. Universities and spiritual
organizations revived interest in these philosophies, with
thinkers like Aurobindo, Radhakrishnan, and contemporary
gurus expanding their global appeal.
 Modern Challenges and Adaptation: In recent decades,
Vedanta and Sanatana Dharma have adapted to modern
contexts. The global spread of yoga, meditation, and spiritual
movements, rooted in Vedanta, have popularized these
ancient principles worldwide. However, secularization and
Westernization also challenge traditional practices, requiring
Sanatana Dharma to find relevance in a modern world.
Summary
The rise and fall of Vedanta and Sanatana Dharma in India
reflect a cycle of spiritual flourishing, philosophical
expansion, political challenge, and adaptive resilience.
Sanatana Dharma’s ability to integrate diverse philosophical
and devotional practices has been a source of its endurance.

24. 24
Today, Vedanta and Sanatana Dharma continue to influence
not only Indian culture but also global spirituality,
symbolizing a continuous quest for truth, ethics, and
harmony in the modern world.

Key words :
Sanatana Dharma
Vedanta
Vedic Period
Upanishads
Brahman
Bhakti Movement
Karma
Moksha
Indian philosophy
Ritualistic Vedic practices
Non-dualism (Advaita)
Gupta Empire
Islamic invasions
Bhakti saints
Mughal Empire
Syncretism
British colonization
Hindu reform movements
Swami Vivekananda
Global influence of Vedanta