Vaccines: A Powerful and Cost-Effective Tool Protecting Americans Against Disease

Vaccines: A Powerful and Cost-Effective Tool Protecting Americans Against Disease

1. Spring 2024 Vaccines: A Powerful and Cost-Effective Tool Protecting Americans Against Disease

2. Vaccines have a successful history in eliminating or significantly decreasing the incidence of dangerous diseases

3. Vaccines prime your immune system to recognize and combat infections Different vaccines offer varying types of protection depending on the disease Vaccines work by teaching your body to recognize specific dangerous pathogens, so your immune system is prepared to fight off that infection. U.S. CDC. Explaining How Vaccines Work . https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/understanding-vacc-work.html U.S. NIH. How Does the Immune System Work? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279364/ U.S. CDC. Explaining How Vaccines Work. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/understanding-vacc-work.html Total Immunity Target germs and microbes that do not change their structure often Protection against Severe Disease Target germs and microbes that constantly change their structure Therapeutic Vaccines Train the immune system to fight a disease your body already has

4. Vaccines decrease the severity and impact of some diseases COVID-19 Flu Whooping Cough (Pertussis) COVID-19 vaccines prevented more than 18 million hospitalizations and  nearly 3 million deaths i n the first two years they were available.  Flu vaccination prevented an estimated 7.5 million influenza cases , 3.7 million medical visits , 105,000 hospitalizations and 6,300 deaths , between 2019-2020 – the last flu season prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The vaccine for whooping cough is effective in reducing severity of a disease that previously killed 1 in 10 children who became infected prior to the availability of the vaccine. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2022/two-years-covid-vaccines-prevented-millions-deaths-hospitalizations https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626586/#:~:text=Both%20whole%2Dcell%20and%20acellular,in%20outbreaks%20in%20vaccinated%20cohorts . https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/routine-vaccines/routine-vaccines-extraordinary-impact-pertussis

5. Vaccines promote healthy aging  Timely vaccination could help save these lives.   Vaccines promote healthy aging among the 50+ population, which is a major contributor to our nation’s productivity, economic resilience and GDP growth. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/886087 https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/adults/for-patients/health-conditions.html https:// www.aarp.org /politics-society/advocacy/info-2019/older- americans -economic-impact- growth.html 50+ Population Contributions to U.S. GDP Growth Vaccine preventable diseases like influenza  and shingles can lead to increased risk of other conditions and comorbidities in older adults, such as cardiovascular and neurovascular complications.  U.S GDP (in trillions) China U.S. 50+ Population Japan Germany U.K. $20.5 $13.4 $8.3 $5.0 $4.0 $2.8

6. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2022/two-years-covid-vaccines-prevented-millions-deaths-hospitalizations https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626586/#:~:text=Both%20whole%2Dcell%20and%20acellular,in%20outbreaks%20in%20vaccinated%20cohorts . https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/routine-vaccines/routine-vaccines-extraordinary-impact-pertussis Vaccines undergo extensive testing and monitoring to help   ensure safety and efficacy Vaccines undergo rigorous R&D, including large clinical trials which include thousands of patient volunteers. This work builds on a foundation of o ngoing research and innovation that can take decades. Like all medicines, vaccines must undergo an intensive review process by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure safety and efficacy. The FDA also inspects the manufacturing of the vaccine candidate and evaluates its potency, safety and purity. After approval, biopharmaceutical companies, the FDA, and the CDC continue monitoring product safety through various means. The CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) develops recommendations for who should receive immunizations and on what schedule. Research & D evelopment Regulatory Review Immunization Recommendations Ongoing Safety Monitoring

7. Developing a new vaccine is a lengthy, challenging and expensive process, largely driven by the biopharmaceutical industry New vaccine development requires large-scale clinical trials, and total development costs that can exceed $1 billion. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/HHS-Vaccines-Report.pdf U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2021. Vaccines National Strategic Plan 2021–2025. Washington, DC Research Academia Government Industry Development of a New Vaccine Capabilities Expertise Complex Manufacturing  Partners

8. The U.S. leads the world in developing innovative vaccine technology https://www.researchamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/ResearchAmerica-Investment-Report.Final_.January-2022-1.pdf https://info.evaluate.com/rs/607-YGS-364/images/2022%20World%20Preview%20Report.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151793/ The U.S. biopharmaceutical industry alone accounts for more than half of global biopharmaceutical R&D spending Over the past 20 years, most new vaccines approved worldwide have been developed in the United States

9. U.S. leadership in vaccine innovation benefits Americans in several ways The biopharmaceutical industry's years of research and investments in vaccine technologies yields a range of benefits Health benefits Security benefits Health system Life-saving vaccines for children and adults 16 diseases are now preventable in the U.S. due to the development and availability of childhood vaccines, and the introduction of a new shingles vaccine in 2017 has reduced the risk of shingles among older adults by 90%. The ability to develop vaccines quickly and without relying on other countries makes America more secure The U.S was able to mobilize quickly to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic with a safe and effective vaccine in record time, saving millions from severe illness and death and well over billions in avoidable health care costs. Vaccine preventable diseases, and conditions like flu, pneumococcal disease, shingles and whooping cough, cost $27 billion in direct and indirect costs each year among adults over the age of 50. https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/medicines-in-development-for-vaccines-2020.pdf   https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles   https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/events/niiw/overview.html   https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/shingles/public/shingrix/index.html#:~:text=In%20adults%2050%20to%2069,%2C%20Shingrix%20was%2089%25%20effective .   Meagan C. Fitzpatrick et al., “Two Years of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccines Have Prevented Millions of Hospitalizations and Deaths,” To the Point (blog), Commonwealth Fund, Dec. 13, 2022. https://doi.org/10.26099/whsf-fp90   https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(22)00140-7/fulltext https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health

10. Childhood vaccines produce significant savings Each dollar invested in pediatric immunization alone results in $7.50 in savings for health systems and society https://www.rtihs.org/updates-and-events/impact-routine-childhood-immunization https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/protecting-children.html C hildhood vaccines prevented more than one million early deaths and saved nearly $2.2 trillion between 1994–2021 Total costs, billions U.S. $

11. Vaccine preventable diseases cost the U.S. billions of dollars each year Ozawa S, Portnoy A, et al. “Modeling The Economic Burden Of Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In The United States, 2016.” Health Affairs 35, No. 11 (2016): 2124-2132. https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0462 Rose, Adam. “COVID-19 economic impacts in perspective: A comparison to recent U.S. disasters, 2021.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2021; Volume 60, 15 June 2021, 102317. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420921002831?via%3Dihub All other VPDs (incl. Hepatitis, MMR, Tetanus & Pertussis) Herpes zoster Pneumococcal disease Flu Annual Costs Associated with Major Vaccine Preventable Diseases U.S. Dollars The COVID-19 pandemic’s total economic impacts in the U.S. are estimated to be $6.12 trillion , twice as great as those of the Great Recession of 2008

12. Recent Successes As we continue to expand our understanding of science, the future of vaccine development is more promising than ever To deliver on the promise of this ongoing research, it is vital that the biopharmaceutical policy environment supports advancements in science and recognizes the role of vaccines in improving public health and enabling future pandemic preparedness. Pipeline Promises https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/medicines-in-development-for-vaccines-2020.pdf Resounding success from decades of research resulting in new vaccines for deadly diseases, including recent advances for shingles, COVID-19, chikungunya virus and RSV Hundreds of vaccines are currently in development  to help prevent and fight disease across a range of conditions from HIV, cancers, malaria and more. Supporting Future Vaccines

13. As a result, almost 50 million Part D-enrolled beneficiaries will now have access to these vaccines without cost sharing. Policymakers can support and protect advances in vaccines Policymakers should ensure promising new vaccines and vaccine technology receive appropriate coverage by: Reauthorizing critical provisions in the Pandemic and All Hazards Preparedness Act; Protecting intellectual property to defend American biopharmaceutical research, development, manufacturing and collaboration; and Rejecting policies that would undermine intellectual property protections. https://avalere.com/insights/several-changes-to-adult-vaccine-access-enacted-through-ira https:// www.cms.gov /data-research/statistics-trends-and-reports/ medicare - advantagepart -d-contract-and-enrollment-data PhRMA supports the policy that eliminated vaccine cost sharing in Medicare Part D for all ACIP-recommended adult vaccines starting January 1, 2023. Present policy... ...leads to future protection