Vaginal exfoliative cytology

Exfoliative vaginal cytology help to determine the stage of estrus, is very simple method, cost-effective and comparatively accurate test for predicting the she dogs fit for breeding.

1. VAGINAL EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY IN SHE DOG Presented by, Dr . Tumbare Prajakta Jalinder M.V.Sc (ARGO) Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal , Dist:Satara

2. Principle Vaginal epithelium is sensitive to levels of estrodiol and it changes from a bistratified cuboidal epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium of greater than 30 cell layers. Thereafter these cells slowly mature, keratinized and fall in vaginal lumen( exfoliate).

3. Case study A total of 70 cases of vaginal cytological examination were presented to the TVCC of KNPCVS, Shirwal during the period from April 2017 to December 2019. Total 13 Artificial insemination was done at the TVCC of KNPCVS, Shirwal. And other are advised for natural mating. Conception rate – 92.30% .

4. Technique Collection of Vaginal Cytological samples

5. Epithelial cells found in Normal canine vaginal smears Cells Characteristics Parabasal Smallest and healthiest Rounded with a large vesiculated nucleus Small amount of cytoplasm Intermediate Slightly larger Oval , round or irregularly round Vesiculated nucleus slightly larger than parabasal cell Superficial Largest cell Sharp, flat, angular cytoplasmic border Small , pyknotic, fading or ghost nucleus Cornified / Anuclear keratinized Large Dead irregular cells Nucleus are absent

6. Interpretation of vaginal smear Cell type Stages Parabasal Intermediate Superficial Intermediate Superficial Anuclear keratinized Red blood cells Neutrophil Bacteria Proestrus Early Mid Late +++ + +/- ++ + +/- + ++ +++ +/- + ++ +/- +/- + +++ ++ +/- ++ + + ++ + + Estrus Early Late - - - - + - +++ + ++ +++ +/- - - - - - Diestrus Early Late ++ + +++ +++ - - + - + - - - + - - - Anestrus +++ + - - - - - - 6 ( Sridevi,2005)

7. Clinical situations wherein vaginal cytology could be used as a diagnostic tool Evaluation of infertility in bitches and those with abnormal reproductive cycle. In prediction of approximate date of whelping. Diagnosis of follicular cyst. Diagnosis of vaginities .

8. Identification of Transmissible venereal tumour. Diagnosis of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder Identification of sperms in vaginal smear within 48 hrs of mismating which helps to determining whether an abortificient should be administered or not. 1.TVT 2.Superficial cells with sperm

9. Conclusion Exfoliative vaginal cytology is best tool determine the stage of estrus cycle As well as on the basis cornification index gives idea about rising level of estrogen which predicts the tentative date ovulation in she dogs. Exfoliative vaginal cytology is very simple, cost-effective and comparatively accurate test for predicting the she dogs fit for breeding.