vaibhav ppt microbiology.pptxznshhde enndb

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1. MicroTeaching on structure of bacterial cell Submitted To:- Ms.Deepti ekhar Department of mental health nursing Dmcon Submitted by:- Vaibhav Bahadure 3 rd sem Roll no:-04 DMCON

2. Introduction All bacteria are unicellular that reproduce by binary fission. Bacterial cells are extremely small and are most conveniently measured in microns (10-6 m) Bacterial cells are usually between 0.4 and 1.5 micro meter in short diameter. that reproduce by binary fission.

3. Bacteria have characteristic shape. The сommon microscopic morphologies are : spherical or ovoid (cocci)
rod-shaped (bacilli)
comma shaped (vibrio)
spiral (spirillum and spirochete)

4. Structure of Bacterial cell The protoplast, The whole body of living material (protoplasm) is bounded peripherally by a very thin, elastic and semipermeable cytoplasmic membrane.
Outside and colsely covering this lies the rigid, supporting cell wall, which is porous and permeable. relativity

5. 1. Cell Wall Most bacteria have a rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan ( murein ), which provides shape and protection. In Gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall is thick, while in Gram-negative bacteria, it is thinner and surrounded by an outer membrane.

6. Plasma membrane A lipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, much like in eukaryotes.

7. Outer membrane (in Gram-negative bacteria): An additional lipid bilayer containing lipopolysaccharides that contributes to the cell’s defense and structure.

8. 2. Cytoplasm A gel-like substance that fills the cell interior, containing water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gases. It is where most of the cell’s metabolic processes occur.

9. 3. Ribosomes Bacteria contain 70S ribosomes (smaller than eukaryotic 80S ribosomes), which are responsible for synthesizing proteins.

10. 4. Nucleoid The region where the bacterial DNA is located. It is not enclosed by a membrane. The DNA is usually a single, circular chromosome that contains the genetic material for the cell.

11. 5. Plasmids Small, circular DNA molecules that exist independently of the chromosomal DNA. They often carry genes that confer advantages such as antibiotic resistance

12. 6. Flagella Many bacteria have one or more flagella, long, whip-like structures used for movement.

13. 7. Pili (Fimbriae) Short, hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria, involved in attachment to surfaces or in conjugation (a form of genetic exchange).

14. 8. Capsule or Slime Layer Some bacteria have a sticky, gelatinous outer layer made of polysaccharides. This capsule or slime layer helps protect the bacteria from environmental threats and aids in adherence to surfaces.

15. 9. Endospores Certain bacteria, like Bacillus and Clostridium, can form endospores under stressful conditions. Endospores are highly resistant, dormant structures that can survive extreme conditions.

16. This basic structure allows bacteria to thrive in a variety of environments and enables their adaptability.

17. Thank You