vandana bloodbankingksghyhdbdh-190709053131.pptx

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1. Introduction A place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored, and prepared for transfusion to recipients

2. Blood group system There are 30 blood groups systems are identified by ISBT Based on the red cell antigen ABO Rh Kell Lewis Duffy Kidd Colten……

3. Important ? ABO Rh Most immunogenic

4. No H antigen strong anti H ,anti A, anti B antibodies

5. Parameter ABO Rh type Location Chr 9 Chr 1 Antigens A,B,AB D Distribution RBC, Platelets, Body fluids RBC alone Antigen development Week express at birth Fully developed at birth Nature of antibodies Naturally occurring Immune Antibody class IgM IgG Compliment activation Yes No Optimal reaction medium Saline Antihuman globulin

6. Blood donation Types Voluntary Professional or paid Replacement

7. Donor selection process 4 parts Predonation counselling Medical history Physical examination HB estimation

8. Types of blood bags

9. Anticoagulant

10. Components & separation

11. Screening Malaria Syphilis HIV 1 & 2 Hepatitis B Hepatitis c

12. CROSS-MATCHING It is a test performed before a blood transfusion as part of blood compatibility testing. Normally, this involves adding the recipient's blood plasma to a sample of the donor's red blood cells.

13. Anti-human Globulin Reagent

14. PLASMAPHARESIS From the greek Plasma,something molded aphairesis , taking away Is the removal and treatment of blood from the body and return of components of blood( i.e blood cells)to the body after extraction of plasma. OR Plasmapheresis is a blood purification procedure used to treat several autoimmune diseases. It is also known as therapeutic plasma exchange.

15. Purpose In an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. In many autoimmune diseases, the chief weapons of attack are antibodies, proteins that circulate in the bloodstream until they meet and bind with the target tissue. Once bound, they impair the functions of the target.

16. Plasmapheresis is used to remove antibodies from the bloodstream, thereby preventing them from attacking their targets. It does not directly affect the immune system's ability to make more antibodies, and therefore may only offer temporary benefit.

17. Indications MAJOr Guillain-Barré syndrome Myasthenia gravis Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura /TTP Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura /ITP Dermatomyositis Good pasteur’s syndrome Multiple sclerosis

18. MINOR Hyperviscosity syndromes: Cryoglobulinemia Paraproteinemia Wegener's granulomatosis Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS or APLS) Microscopic polyangiitis After transplantation of kidney

19. Behcet syndrome HIV-related neuropathy [8] Graves' disease in infants and neonates Pemphigus vulgaris Multiple sclerosis Rhabdomyolysis Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) HELLP syndrome PANDAS syndrome Refsum disease

20. Cell separator The machine used for Plsmapheresis is called cell separator. 40,00,000 (40 lakh) Each time new set of tubing and disposable kit is used, which is of 13,500 rupees.

21. procedure Preparation Good nutrition and plenty of rest make the procedure less stressful. Some of patient's medications should be discontinued before the plasmapheresis session. SETPS Plasmapheresis requires insertion of a venous catheter, either in a limb or central vein. Central veins allow higher flow rates and are more convenient for repeat procedures, but are more often the site of complications, especially bacterial infection.

22. Blood is initially taken out of the body through a needle or previously implanted catheter. The catheter is two way,one is used to withdraw blood from the body and other is used to introduce plasma substitute in patient,s body. Anticoagulant is also given during the procedure. First blood passes through the air filter,if air is present in blood it is filtered here. Then blood enters into ball(centrifuge). Plasma is then removed from the blood by a cell separator. When the blood is entering in the ball,at the same time some air of ball is collected in air bag.

23. After sometime,when ball becomes full of cells the machine takes a break and blood cells are returned back to the body,and air is returned back from the airbag to the the ball. Now 1 cycle is completed. Same process is repeated again and again and mostly 8 to 10 cycles are required. Extracted plsma is discarded. In females less no.of cycles are required. The whole procedure is repeated 5 times but on alternate days.

24. Three procedures are available: "Discontinuous flow centrifugation." Only one venous catheter line is required. Approximately 300 ml of blood is removed at a time and centrifuged to separate plasma from blood cells. "Continuous flow centrifugation." Two venous lines are used. This method requires slightly less blood volume to be out of the body at any one time. "Plasma filtration." Two venous lines are used. The pasma is filtered using standard hemodialysis equipment. It requires less than 100 ml of blood to be outside the body at one time.

25. Aftercare The patient may experience dizziness,nausea , numbness, tingling, or lightheadedness during or after the procedure. These effects usually pass quickly, allowing the patient to return to normal activities the same day .

26. complications Hypotention Anaphylaxsis or allergic reactions Bacterial infections Supression of immune system Bleeding or hematoma due to anticoagulant