Vedant Sanskruti Raksha Abhiyan final ..25.3.2017.pdf

Vedanta sanskriti Raksha abhiyan;
hindi shabda and meaning;
word correction-hindi;
vedanta sanskriti prevent
protect hindi language;
P.D.Parmar, Dr.Shree Padmsinh D Parmar,

1. {1}
v[di>t s>AkZ(t rxi aIByin
pÞ~) m&(n
S¾d aY<
Bg E[Ævy<Ay smg\Ay Fm<Ay ySs: (~y: .
Xin v]ri³yi[: c Ev PNNi> Bg : et)rNi..
s*y<, c>Wmi, si]Bi³y, mihiRÀy, eµCi, ki(ºt, mi[x, yi[(n
E[Ævy< a(FpRy, siv<Bi]m, p\B&Rv, S(±t, smZ(¹d:
e<S` apni bni l[ni, Sisn krni, a(Fkir m[> kr l[ni, Avim) bn jinni, Sisn krni, yi[³y yi sS±t hi[ni
e<S $W, S>kr
e<Ævr Avim), Sisk, p(t, (Sv
S>kr kÃyiNkir)
Fm< kt<Äy(nOqi – “Bgvd` gi[mD>l” g&jrit) S¾d ki[Pm[>[ Fm< k[ aY< p\i¼t hi[>g[.
Fm< piln kt<Äy(nOqi ki piln , kt<Äy(nOqi ki piln aYi<t p&·y
aFm< kt<Äy(hnti, kt<Äyh)nti aYi<t` pip
~[y: t_vXin, a>t)m Xin, The Philosophy
Bgvt`
{(vS[PN}
PN` g&N: - PD` g&N E[Ævy< s>pºn mhiBirtiºtg<t ~) kZON oiri aj&<n ki[ (nOkim km< krn[ k[ (lE (dyi gyi upd[S. esm[> 18
a¹yiy h>].
Bgvin`
{(vS[PN}
PD`g&N E[Ævy< s>pºn
b\h`mn` pr b\M` prmt_v p\iY<ni, p*ji, tp, v[d, b\h`ms>(mt: v[dn[ t&Ãy, p(v#i j)vn, Afi[T
b\h`mcr v[d a¹yn a¹yipn, p\iY<ni, (nRy up(nPd` aY< -mnn
b\h`mcy< cir ai~mi>[ m[> phli ai~m (jsm[ v[di[> ki a¹yyn (kyi jiti h].
bi]Ü b&(Üm[> l)n, b&Ü ki an&yiy)
b&Ü a(BX, Xin) p&$P
b&Üm` Xin
b&Üm` SrN>
gµCi(m.
m]> Xin k[ SrN m[> jiti h*‡/ ji rhi h*‡ .
b&(Ü m(t, p\Xi, aºt: krN, mn Xin, smz, (vv[k, (vcir, ²yil, $p, eridi,a¹yvsiy
bi[(FsRv b&Ü, Xin h) h] (jski sRy pr
mhiv)r mhi p\bl, mhi S(±tSil), mhi Xin), mhin` uji<vil[, mhin` p\Bivy&±t, mhin`v)r km< vil[, mhin` yRn krn[ vil[
(vv[k p\kZ(t ai]r p&$P ki B[d jinn[ ki Xin, Fm< ai]r aFm< ki[ B[d ki Xin
aigmi[
{aigm}:
pis aini, mº#iSiA#i, uRp(_i, ph&‡c, nd) ki m&hini, aiy, (n(F, Xink) vZ(Ü, (sÜiºt, ai¼tg\>Y, (Sv Ev> S(±t g\>Y, g\hN vZx,
mhiv)r Avim) ki upd[S
(#i(pTk t)n p[(Tyi‡, s&_i(pTk, (vny(pTk, a(BFÀm(pTk, gi]tm b&Ü ki upd[S
t_v m*l avAYi, sRy, m*lgt, aiwtRv, aiwpdiY<, sir, b\h`m ki sir
t_vdS<n sRy ki[ jinni, yYiY< ki Xin pini, aiw tRv yi pdiY< ki[ d[Kni yi Xin p\i¼t krni
sirk|Ry s_ii, WÄy, yYiY<ti, sir, (c_i, (l>>g Sr)r, p\kZ(t, c]tºy, aicrN, F]y<, ad)nti, uRsih, sihs, S(±t (nÆcy, mh_ii, p\Biv,
Si[Bnti, aµCie<, g&N, mni[(vkir
sRy t¸y, âZt[ sÀyk`, t_vi(ºvt, yYiY<, (vÆvsn)y, WQ p\(tXi, sRyv\t, viAt(vkti, sµcie<, sRyvi(dti, p\N, yYivAt& kYn
dS<n d[Kni, (vcirni, mnn, W(OT, pr)xN, Xin, (sÜi>t, mºtÄy, dS<n SiA#i- (fls&f)
diS<(nk The Philosopher v[di>t ki Xin, t_vdS<n, t_yX
v[di>t b\h`ms*#i, ~)md` Bgvd` g)ti, up(nPd` ki sir
v[d Xin, p(v#i Xin, â³v[d, yj&v[<d, simv[d, aY<v[d, g&$g\>Y v[d
v[di>g (Sxi: kÃp, ÄyikrN, (n$±t, Cºd:, ¶yi[(tP`

2. {2}
aiy< S)l sdicir s>pºn, BW, (SOT, aiy< nZv>S ki
aiyi<vt< p*v< sigr s[ p(Æcm sigr tk, (hmily s[ (vº¹y tk ki p\d[S, aiyi[< ki (nvis AYin
â(P v](dk m>#ii[ k[ WOTi, m&(n, v[d, siF& sºt, ri[Sn) k) (krN, (vÆv(vwily k[ a¹yipk
m&(n p\(tBivin`, ¹yin(nOq, tpAv), (vÆv(vwily k[ a¹yipk
a>(hsi mn, vcn, km< s[ (ks) ki[ hi(n n ph&‡cini, a(h>si prmi[ Fm<:. a(h>si ~[Oq kt<ÄyBivni h]. jb simn[vili Äy(±t aFm)< hi[ti
h], tb (h>si oiri usk[ aFm< ki[ nOT krni h) hmiri kt<Äy hi[ti h]. rivN n[ s)tij) k) m&(±t nh)> k) tb rimn[ uski vF kr
(dyi.
xmi xmi v)rAy B*PNim. – xmi d[ni v)r Äy(±t ki aiB*PN h]. jb simn[vili Fm)< hi[ti h] tb yh vi±y sRy h]. jb simn[ vili
Äy(±t aFm)< hi[ti h] tb usk[ aFm< ki[ nOT (ky[ (bni xmi d[ni aiRmGit) h]. pZ¸v)rij n[ mhm>d gi]r) ki[ 17 bir xmi d) 38v)
bir hirn[ pr pZ¸v)rij ki vF kr (dyi. yh vi±y tb asRy hi[ gyi
aiRmn` p\iN, J)v
prmiRmn` prm> tRvm`, b\hmBiv, b\hmn`
b\h`mn` b\h`mn` sRy> jgt` (m¸yi.
b\hmn ji[ Fm< h] aYi<t kt<Äy (nOqi h], vh sRy aYit< aYi<Y h]. ji[ j)(vt ai]r cr p\iN) h]: v[ $P niSv>m h].
jgt` j)(vt ai]r cr p\iN), s>sir
ât SiÆvt (nym, sditn ÄyvAYi, sRy, t¸y, yYivAt& (c>tn, t¸y (c>tn, t¸yvN<n, pivnkZRy
pivn p(v#i krn[vili, niSk, (Sv
Avg< Fm< ki piln krn[ s[ Av<g)y an&B*(t j)vn m[> hi[t) h]. Fm<ki piln aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqi
nrk aFm< aYi<t` Fm< piln n krn[ s[ nrk j]s) j)vn m[> a&B*(t hi[t) h]. aFm< aYi<t` kt<Äyh)nti
Fm< r(xt: Fm<: rx(t. y(d hm Fm< piln kr[>g[ tb Fm< hmir) rxi kr[gi.
aFm< h(ºt Fm<: ht: . y(d hm Fm< ki[ mir d[>g[ aYi<t` aFm< kr[>g[ tb Fm<k) hRyi aYi<t aF<m hmir) hRyi kr d[gi.
U‡ a + u + m`, p(v#i axr ai[m, p\Nv, b\hm, a>g)kir ai]r upk\m ki wi[tk aÄyy
p\Xi (Intelligence) jig\(t (Awareness) t[js (Splendor) E[s[ t)n g&Ni>[ ki bi[F hi[ti h].
Av(Atk ÿ aiS)P`, m>gl, kÃyiN, t&Ãy, b&(Ü, p\sid ai(d krn[vili (ch`n
sÀyk` shcir), shmt, smvt)<, a(vkl, t¸y, sRy, u(ct, (SOT
py&<PN vPi< ât&m[> aiq (dn k[ upvis
a(t(Y a(t(Y d[vi[ Bv:. a(t(Y ki d[v smin aidr kri[. y(d aIt(Y Fm)< hi[ti h] tb yh vi±y sRy h]. jb a(t(Y aFm)< hi[ti h] tb
uski ItrAkir krni ci(hE. ain[ vili Äy(±t Fm)< h] yi aFm)< h], yh k]s[ pti cl[gi a(t(Y k) usk[ mn, vcn ai]r km< oiri
pr)xi krn) ci(hE. m&slmin, (vd[S) Sisk, m&gl m&slmin, a>g\[j s>AYivid) n[ a(t(Y k[ $p m[> aikr hm[ g&lim bniyi. hm
min(sk $pm[> g&lim hi[n[ kirN (vd[S) Sisk aFm)< h] E[si hm smz sk[ nh)> h]>. aFm)< (vd[S) Siski>[ ki[ d>(Dt krni hmiri
Fm< aYi<t kt<Äy h].
s>AkZtm`
{BiPi}
pi(N(n oiri S&Ü k) gy) yi ÄyikrN bÜ k) ge< BiPi ki nim s>AkZt BiPi rKi ji[ s>AkZtm` np&>sk (l>g oiri jin) jit) h].
Birt)
{BiPi}
Birt) BPi ki aY< (js BiPi m[> s>AkZtm` k[ tRsm, td`Bv ai]r d[Sj S¾d rK[ gE hi[>. Birt) BiPi ,m[> arb), pirs) S¾d nh)>
hi[n[ ci(hE. Birt) BiPi aYi<t` BirtvP< k) BiPi
(hºd)
{BiPi}
jb m¹y p*v< k[ m&slmin Sisk k[ $p m[> BirtvP< m[> aiy[ tb m&slmin s]n)ki[ k[ siY BirtvP< k[ v[di>t) li[gi>[ n[ a>t: (k\yi
k). es a>t: (k\yi s[ (hºd) BiPi ki ud`Bv h&ai. esk[ phl[ u_ir BirtvP< m[> v\j, avF) ai(d BiPiE[> Y). ab jb hm Avt>#i
h&E h] tb (hºd) BiPi ki Ryig krk[ “Birt) BiPi” ki sj<n krni ci(hE.
min(sk
g&lim
{prt>#i}
{dis}
BirtvP< 1947 vP< m[> Bi](tk $p m[> Avt>#i h&ai, (kºt& a>g\[ji[ k[ a>t)m SiPk liˆD< miuºT b[T[n n[ p\jit>#i Sisn k[ (lE s>(vFin
bniyi. yh s>(vFin 1935 m[> p\i>(tk Avrij k[ (lE a>g\[ji[ n[ bniy Yi. esk) nkl krk[ s>(vFin b>FirN sBi ai]r Diˆ‘ bibi
sih[b a>b[Dkr k[ nim (lKi gyi h], E[si Gi[(Pt (kyi. hmiri BirtvP< s>(vFin s[ brbid hi[ rhi h]. p\jit>#i j]si k&C (dKie< d[ti
nh)> h]>. ji[ k&C h] vh a>g\[ji[ ki Cl (Consipiracy) h]. hmir[ rijn)(tk n[ti s_ii ai]r Fn k[ p)C[ h]>. p\ji k) s[vi k[ z*q[ vid[ kr
rh[> h]>. hmiri BirtvP< min(sk g&limi[ ki d[S h].
p>c_vm>#i hr[k sj)v viy&, pin), a(³n, pZ¸v) ai]r aikiS E[s[ pi>c tRvi[> s[ bnti h]. jb mZRy& hi[t) h] tb y[ pi>c t_v upy&<±t t_vi[m[> smi
jit[ h]> es(lE mZRy& GTni ki[ p>cRv>gt: khi jiti h]
aiy< (s>F& GiT) s¿yti aiyi[< k[ kirN pnp) Y). v[d sbs[ p\ic)n si(hRy h]. (l(p k[ aBiv m[> v[d k>qAY rK[ jit[ Y[. yh kiy<

3. {3}
{nZv>S} b\ihmNi[ ki[ (dyi gyi. b\ihm), nigr) (l(p k[ ai(vOkir s[ v[d (lK[ gE. W(vD nZp>S k[ siY s>(m~y k[ bid avtirvid ki
p\ir>B h&ai.
W(vD {nZv>S} BirtvP< d(xN m[> W(vD nZv>S k[ li[g rh[t[ h]>. agARy m&(nk[ p\yis s[ aiy< ai]r W(vD nZv>Si[ ki sm(m~N aYi<t Ekti h&e<. (vON& k[ avtir k)
kÃpni di[ni[ nZv>Si[ k) Ekti ki fl h]. a>g\[ji[> n[ di[ni[ nZv>S m[> B[d p]di krn[ ki p\yis (kyi (kºt& v[ (nOfl rh[. a>g\[j) BiPi k[ kirN mtB[d p]di
hi[ rh[ h]. a>g\[j) BiPi ki Ryig krni hmiri kt<Äy h].
ai(dvis)
{nZv>S}
BirtvP< m[> ai(dvis) li[gi[> ki apni nZv>S (Race) h]. es nZv>S m[> an[k sm&diy h]. aiy<, W(vD ai]r ai(dvis) nZv>Si[ k[ b)c smy k[ p\vih m[>
s>m(m~N aYi<t` Ekti p]di h&e< h].
v[di>t)
{nZv>S}
aiy<, W(vD ai]r ai(dvis) nZv>Si[ s[ ji[ nyi smij bni h]> vh h] “v[di>t) nZv>S” v[di>t) nZv>S oiri BirtvP< m[> Ekti ai]r aK>Dti p]di krt) h].
v[di>t yi t_vdS<n k[ an&yiy) sB) v[di>t) h]. smy k[ p\vih m[> en nZv>Si[ k[ b)c (vvih sÀb>F bn[ h>].
aXin aXin (vP aYi<t jhr j]si h]. aXin s[ Äy(±t, smij ai]r riOT^ ki (vniS hi[ti h]. (vd[S) Siski[> n[ BirtvP< m[> 800 vP< tk aXin f]liyi
Avit>#yk[ bid B) hm sb aYi<t` rijn)(tk px, riOT^p(t, p\Finm>#i) ai(d aXin k[ (Skir bn[ h&E h>] ai]r BirtvP< ki (vniS krn[ pr p\vZt hi[ rh[ h]>.
hm v[di>t s>AkZ(t ki aXin FirN (kE h&E h>]. aXin d*r krn[ k[ (lE v[di>t s>AkZ(t ki Av$p jinni ci(hE.
Xin Xin amZt j]si h], (jss[ hmiri a(AtRv bni rhti h] ai]r j)vn s&Kmy bnti h]. hmir[ p*v<j â(P-m&(nyi[> n[ v[d aYi<t` Xin k) upisni k) (jss[ 9
K>Di>[ pr unki p\B&Rv Yi. unki Xin v[di>t k[ $p m[> p\kT h&ai h], (jski pin krk[ hm (frs[ gi]rv p\i¼t kr skt[ h].
a>F~Üi aXinki d*sri Av$p a>F~Üi h]. a>F~Üi hm[> (vniS k) ai[r l[ jit) h]. a>F~Üi k[ kirN BirtvP< k[ v[di>t) li[g 800 vP<
tk g&lim rh[. Avit>#y k[ bid B) hm a>g\[ji>[ k[ min(sk g&lim h>].
~) kZON n[ aj&<n ki[ upd[S (dyi (k - “m]> t&Àhir[ (lE ki[e< kiy< krti nh) h*‡, (kºt& m]> t&Àhir[ kiy<k) p\vZ(_i m[> siY
rhkr p\[rNi d[ti rhti h*‡.”
“ki[e< aXit S(±t h] ji[ hmiri kiy< krt) h], hm>[ F(nk bnit) h], hmir) smAyi d*r krt) h], hm>[ ri[g m&±t krt) h], hmir) eµCi
k[ an&sir fl d[t) h].” E[s) ~Üi viAt(vk nh)> h] (kºt& a>F~Üi h]. hm>[ a>F~Üi (ks) h[t& p\vZ(t n krn[ k[ (lE p\[(rt krt)
h], ji[ hmir[ (vniS ki kirN bnt) h].
B*t-p\[t B*t-p\[t m[> minni Ek a>F~Üi h]. B*t-p\[t Ek kiÃp(nk miºyti h]. E[s) a>F~Üi bDi[> s[, (m#ii>[ s[ ai]r p&Atki>[ s[ p\i¼t hi[t) h].
Di(kn) (ks) vZ¹d A#i) ki[ Di(kn) khni ai]r uski apmin krni aXin k) (nSin) h]. (dKivi k]si B) hi[ hr A#i) p*¶y Ev> aidrN)y
h]. Di(kn) j]si k&C nh)> hi[ti yh Ek a>F~Üi h] ji[ n)>dn)y h].
aj&<n ki
p\N
k(rOy[ vcn> tv. m]> aipk[ vcn aYi<t` upd[S ki[ p*N< k$>gi.
mhiBirt ki y&Ü k&$x[#i m[> 18 (dn cli. ~) kZON ki aYi<t` Fm< ki upd[S 18 a¹yiy m[> (lKi gyi. p\ir>B m[> Fm< aYi<t`
kt<Äy(nOqi ki[ n smzn[ vil[ aj&<n n[ h(Yiyr n)c[ rK (dE. kt<Äy(nOq aYi<t` Fm< ±yi h], eski upd[S Fm< p&#i (vON& k[
avtir ~)kZON n[ aj&<nki[ (dyi tb Fm< ki piln krn[ k[ (lE upy&<±t vi±y aj&<n n[ khi. ~) kZON n[ Fm< piln krn[ k[ (lE
aFm< krn[ vil[ Äy(±tyi[> ki hnn u(ct h], E[si upd[S (dyi. tRvdS<n aYi<t` (flisi[f) Fm< ki piln krn[ k[ (lE aFm< ki
niS krn[ ki ai]r apni aIAtRv bniy[ rKn[ ki upd[S d[ti h]. tRvdS<n (vÆv m[> Ek h) hi[ti h]. ~) kZON n[ Xinyi[g, km<yi[g
ai]r BI±tyi[g oiri tRvdS<n ki Av$p p\kT (kyi es(lE v[jgdg&$ kh[ gE[.
~)
{~)mt`}{~
)min}
s>pd, Si[Bi, kiIºt, C(v, si]>dy<, x[m, k[S-rcni, Bg, Xin, mrni, (vB*(t, si]²y, d[v) lÈm), m(t, g&Ni[ ki[ FirN krn[ vili.
j]s[ ~) kZON, sih[b sihb S¾d arb) – firs) h]. eski upyig mt k)(jE.
d[v, d[v) v[di>t s>AkZ(t m[> d[v ai]r d[v) a(ot)y S¾d h]. en S¾di[> ki a>g\[j) m[ The God or God, Goddess krni aXin h]. a>g\[j) BiPi m[> y[
S¾d Deva ai]r Devi h) rh[gi. d[v ai]r d[v) Fm< aYit`< kt<Äy(nOqi k) B*(mki krn[ vil[ h]>. d[v ai]r d[v) ki[e< aXin SI±t nh)
h], (kºt& hmir) kt<Äy(nOqi m[> hm[> p\[rNi d[t[ h>]. v[ hmir[ (lE ki[e< kiy< krt[ nh)> h]. es(lE uns[ Drni aXin h]. unk[ aig[
p\iN), mn&Oy ki b(ldin d[ni aXin h].
Fi(m<k
{nim}
Fi(m<k S¾d (vS[PN k[ $p m[> Fi(m<k ÄyI±t, Fi(m<k AYl ai(d k[ $p m[> p\yi[g (kyi jiti h] yh hmiri aXin h]. Fi(m<k S¾d
ÄyikrN k) dZIOT s[ nim h] ai]r eski aY< m[>Qk, ºyiyiF)S, mdir) hi[ti h]. (vS[PN k[ $p m[> Fi(m<k ki upyi[yg hmir[ aXin
k) crm s)mi h]. Fi(m<k p&Atk, Fi(m<k AYl, Fi(m<k ÄyI±t ai(d glt S¾d p\yi[g h]>, ji[ hmiri aXin Äy±t krti h]>.
(Sxi
{(SxN}
a>g\j) S¾d E¶y&k[Sn- Education ki BiPi>tr (Sxi ai]r (SxN (kyi, yh hmiri aXin h]. a>>g\j) S¾d Recitation ki BiPi>tr (Sxi
yi (SxN hi[gi. Recitation (Sxi yi (SxN ki aY< jpni yi birbir bi[lni hi[gi. (Sxi Ek v[di>g h]. Education yi (vwi ki aY<
Xin p\iI¼t aYi<t t_vdS<n ki Xin p\i¼t krni hi[gi.
(Sxk a>g\j) S¾d T)cr Tacher ki BiPi>tr (Sxk (kyi gyi h], pr yh aXin h]. Tacher S¾d ki BiPit>r a¹yipk hi[gi. Tacher S¾d ki
BiPit>r g&$ krni B) aXin h]. g&$ aYi<t ji[ tRvXin ki a¹yipn krti h], vh.g&@ ki BiPi>tr a>g\j)m[> g&@ h) hi[gi.
pip ji[ mn, vcn, km< s[ hi(n ph&‡citi h[ tb pip hi[ti h]. ki[e< minv p(t Fm<, pRn) Fm<, p&#i Fm<, nig(rk Fm< ai(d Fmi[< aYi<t`

4. {4}
kt<Äy(nOqi k) jgh aFm< aYi<t` kt<Äyh)nti krti h] tb pip hi[ti h]. j)vn Fm<h)n aYi<t` aFm)< rKn[ s[ pip hi[ti h].
p&·y ji[ mn, vcn, km< s[ ji[ d*sri[> k) mdd krti h] tb p&·y hi[ti h]. p(t Fm<, pRn) Fm<, p&#i Fm<, nig(rk Fm< aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqi
rKti h] tb p&·y hi[ti h]. j)vn Fm<(nOq rKn[ s[ p&·y hi[ti h].
g&$ g&@: b\M`, g&@ (vON&:g&@ d[vi[ mh[Vr:.
g&$: sixit` prb\M` tAm] ~) g&rv[ nm:..
g&@ b\M` Av$p h] aYi<t` Fm< Av$p h] aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqi Av$p h]. g&$ hm[> Fm< ai]r Fm<piln aYi<t` j)vnm[> kt<Äyi>[ki
piln k]s[ krni ci(hE esk) (vwi p\din krti h]. (vwi aYi<t` t_vXinki a¹yipn krti h]. g&@ a(ot)y S¾d h]; es(lE eski
BiPi>tr Teacher krni aXin h].
B±t an&rig), vkidir, p*¶y, ~¹Fivin`, an&gt, sm(p<t
B(±t s[vi, airiFni, e<Ævrk[ p\(t an&rig ~¹Fi smp<N Fm< aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqi k[ p\(t Biv
p\B& aF)Vr, Avim), aºnditi, Sisk, sv<S(±tmin`, e<Vr, (vON&, (Sv, b\Mi`, eºW, Fm< aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqiki Bivvili b\Mm`
Fm<g&$ yhi‡ Religion ki BiPi>tr 'Fm<" krk[ Fm<g&$ S¾d bniyi h]; ji[ hmiri aXin h]. Fm< ki aY< kt<Äy(nOqi h], (jski g&$ nh)>
hi[ti.Religion ki BiPi>tr ~¹Fi (kyi jiti h]; (jski ~Ûi ai]r a>F~¹Fi d[n[vili upd[Sk hi[ti h]. (kºt& Fm<g&@ nh)> hi[ti.
p\d&PN p\d*PN aYi<t` pZ¸v)ki (vP)krN yi jhr)krN p\d*PN ki[ srhd nh)> hi[t); es(lE Ek d[Ski jhr)krN d*sr[ d[Sm[> ji skti h]
ai]r es)trh sir) pZ¸v) pr f]l jiti h]>.
liKi[> vPi[< phl[ B*(mm[> vnAp(t p\iN) db jin[s[ Kn)j ki[yli, g[s, f|*D t[l bni h]. y[ Kn)j (nkilkr enki upyi[g
S(±tk[ (lE (kyi jiti h]. b)jl) S(±tm[> p(rvt<n Ym<l pivr AT[Sn, aN& (vw&t mYk bnit[ h]>. Ym<l pivr AT[Sn s[ hvi,
pin) ai]r B*(mki p\d*PN hi[ti h]. aN& (vw&t mYk ki f*Di –kcri r[(Dyi[ E(±Tv hi[ti h]; (jss[ p\d*PN hi[ti h]. b)jl) oiri
ai]Fi[g)krN hi[ti h]. p[T^i([lym pdiY< mi[Tr vihn, viy&yin ai(d clin[k) S(±t k[ $py[ p\yi[g (kyi jiti h]. Kn)j pdiYi[<k[
jln[ s[ p\iNviy&ki Si[PN hi[ti h] ai]r jhr)l[ viy& hvi pin) ai]r B*(mm[> (mlkr sir) pZ¸v)ki[ jhr)l) bnit[ h]>.
s*y< uji<, pvn uji<, jl uji<, p\iN) uji<, minv kiy< uji< ai(d upiyi[>s[ jhr)krN km (kyi ji skti h]. s>ym) j)vn
j)n[s[ p[T^i[(lym pdiYi[<ki upyi[g km (kyi ji skti h]. ai]Fi[g)krN km krn[ s[ viy&ai[>ki upyi[g km krn[ s[ p\d*PN km
(kyi ji skti h]>.
(hºd*Atin v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ an&sir hmir[ d[Ski nim BirtvP< h]. m&slmin Siski[>n[ u_ir BirtvP<ki[ (hºd*Atin nim (dyi, ji[ aXinki s*ck
h]>. (hºd*ezm, (hºd) {BiPi} (hºd) {Äy(kt} (hºd mhisigr, ai(d S¾di>[ki Ryig krni ci(hE.
(tr>gi BirtvP<k[ riOT^¹vjki nim Fm< ¹vj h]. (tr>gi yi (#ir>gi bi[lni aXinki s*ck h].
aSi[kck| hmir[ riOT^¹vj Fm<¹vjm[> ji[ ck| h] vh Fm<ck| h]. aSi[kck| bi[lni hmir[ BirtvP<k[ e(thiski hmiri aXin p\d(S<t hi[ti h].
(hºd)
{BiPi}
hmir[ BirtvP<k) riOT^BiPi 'Birt)" h] ai]r Birt) BiPi kh) jiEg). riOT^BiPi (hºd) btini hmiri aXin h].
(hºd)
{Äy(kt}
hmir[ BirtvP<k[ li[g m&slmini[>k[ alivi sB) v[di>t) h]>. v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<nk[ an&yiy) v[di>t) kh[ jiEg[>. BirtvP<m[> v[di>t)
li[g rht[ h]>.
(hºd&esm a>g\[ji[>n[ (hºd*zm (Hinduism) nim (dyi h]. BirtvP<k) (vcirFiri (hºd*vid nh)> h]. BirtvP< (hºd* ~¹Fi>F~¹Fi (Religion) vili d[S
khni a>g\[ji>[ki aXin aYi<t` unki Cl (Conspiracy) h]. (hºd*zm S¾d m&K<tiki p\t)k h].
(hºd* (vVm[> Ek B) Äy(kt (hºd& nh)> h]. (hºd* S¾d m&slmini[>n[ v[di>t) li[gi[>k[ (lE p\y&±t (kyi h].
rijp&#i rijAYin k[ x(#iyi[>k[ (lE m&Gl m&slmini[>n[ rijp*t S¾dki p\yi[g (kyi. rijAYin k[ x(#iyi[>n[ apn) kºyi mi[Gl Siski[>ki[
(vvihm>[ ap<N (kyi tb rijp&#i S¾ds[ rijp*t S¾dki p\yi[g (kyi. rijk&mir S¾d S¾dki[Sm[> h], (kºt& rijp*t S¾d nh)> h].
rijp*t bi[lni hmiri aXin h]. rijp*t S¾dk) jgh x(#iy S¾dki p\yi[g k)(jE.
(vwi
mhi(vwily
B.Ed. College
B.Ed. College aYi<t` Bachelor of Education college, B.Ed.College mi¹y(mk Ev> uµc mi¹y(mk (vBig k[ a¹yipki[>k) til)m aYi<t`
a¹yipn ki]SÃy bQin[k) (vwi h]. sh) nim Teacher Training College for Secondary Schools. hi[gi. a>g\[ji[>n[ BirtvP<k) (vwip\Nil) ki[
nOT kr (dyi h] ai]r kiÃp(nk nim (dE h]>.
an&Anitk
(vwi
mhi(vwily
M .Ed. College
M.Ed. College aYi<t` M aster of Education College, M .Ed. College ki s>b>F mi¹y(mk uµcmi¹y(mk (vwilyk[ a¹yipki[>s[ a¹yipn
ki]SÃyk[ siY j&Di h&ai h].
M.Ed. College m>[ (vwik[ an&Atik (vPyk) ki[e< cci< nh)> h]. (vwiki Av$p p\Ym kxis[ l[kr an&Anitk kxi ai]r Ph.D. aYi<t`
(vwivicAp(t kxi tk k]si hi[ni ci(hE. esk) cci< hi[t) nh)> h]. B.Ed, M .Ed. S¾di>[ oiri a>g\[ji>[n[ hm[ g&mrih (kyi h] ai]r
BirtvP<k) v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) (vwiki sv<niS (kyi h].
s>Si[Fn 800 vP< g&lim) v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ aF:ptn ki kirN bn) h]. nil>di tx(Sli, vÃlB) j]s) (vV (vwilyi[>ki (vd[S) Siski>[n[ niS

5. {5}
(kyi. Avit>#yk[ bid B) (vV (vwilym[> (vwi (sf< nim mi#ik) h]>.(vV (vwilyi[>m[> s>Si[Fn (sf< kiÃp(nk h]>. minvSiA#ii>[ ai]r
smij (vXini[> m[> s>Si[Fn nim mi#iki h]. (vXin (vPyi[>m[> s>Si[Fn (sf< s>Si[Fnki p&nrivt<n hi[ti h]. nv)n)krN ai]r sj<niRmkti
(Innovation and Creativity) s>b>(Ft s>Si[Fn BirtvP<m[> nh)> hi[ti. y(d ki[e< s>Si[Fnm[> sfl hi[ti h] tb us k) hRyi k) jit) h] yi
apmi(nt (kyi jiti h]. Di<‘BiBi Di<‘ (vk|m siriBie< k) mZRy& rhAymy h]. Di<‘jgd)Sc>W bi[zki[ vnAp(t SiA#i (vBig m[> B[j[
gE. vnAp(t m[> j)v h] E[s[ hiAyipd (vPy prni[bl pi(rti[(Pk (dyi gyi. (vd[S) (vV (vwilym[> s>Si[Fn krn[k[ (lE (vwiY)<ki[
B[ji jiti h]. Ek yi d*sri bhini btikr s>Si[Fn BirtvP<m[> krn[ (dyi jiti nh) h]>. hmir[ yhi‡ (vXin (vBigm[> a>g\ji>[ki Cl
(Conspiracy) p\Biv) h]. d[SWi[h) li[g unk) mdd kr rh[ h]>. Birt vP<k[ li[g a>g\[ji>[k[ min(sk g&lim h]>.
jy (hºd (hºd S¾d m&slmin Siski[>n[ (dyi. jb (hºd nh) tb jy (hºd bi[lni k]s[ u(ct hi[gi. hmiri d[S BirtvP< h]; ess[ jy Birt
vP< bi[lni u(ct hi[gi . jy (hºd bi[lni hmiri aXin h].
(vON& b\Mij)n[ Fm< nimk p&$P p]di (kyi. Fm< aYi<t` kt<ÄyBivni. unki (vvih dyi nimk p\jip(tk) kºyik[ siY h&ai. un di[ni[>k[
di[ p&#i nr ai]r niriyN h&E. nr aYi<t` minv ai]r niriyN aYi<t` (vON&. (vON&k[ dS avtir h&E. gi]tmb&¹F (vON&k[ ni]>v[ avtir
h&E. Fm< aYi<t` minvki[ kt<Äy (nOqi. aFm< aYi<t` minvk) kt<Äyh)nti, Fm<piln aYi<t` kt<Äyi[>ki piln aYi<t` kt<Äyy&±t
Äyvhir. (vON& k[ avtir aYi<t` Fm<ki piln krn[vil[ aYi<t` Fm<ki p\cir krn[vil[.
jy ~) rim ~) rim (vON&k[ avtir h>]. (vON& Fm<k[ p&#i h>]. rim (vON&k[ avtir hi[n[k[ nit[ Fm< aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqi k[ avtir h].~) rimn[
p(tFm<, B\itZFm<, p&#i Fm<, rijiFm< ai(d an[k Fmi[<ki piln kr (dKiyi Yi. jy ~) rim aYi<t` Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} k) jy hi[.
bi[ln[ ai]r s&nn[vili Fm<ki piln kr[>gi.
jy ~)
kZON
~) kZON (vON& k[ avtir h]>. ~) kZON Fm<k[ avtir h]>. ~) kZON Fm< aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqik[ avtir h]. ~) kZONk) jy aYi<t`
kt<Äy(nOqi k) jy. ~) kZONk[ Fm<piln aiFi(rt j)vnki vN<n mhiBirt m[> p\kT h&ai h]. jgd g&$k[ $pm[> uºhi[n[ Fm< ai]r
Fm<pilnki aYi<t` t_vdS<n (The Philosophy) ki upd[S aj&<nki[ aYi<t` minvi[>ki[ (dyi h]. es(lE v[ jgdg&$ h]>.
an[k Fm< p(t Fm<, pRn) Fm<, p&#i Fm<, p&#i) Fm<, B\itZFm<, nig(rk Fm<, Sr)r Fm<, (m#i Fm<, yi#i) Fm<,(vwiY)< Fm<, a¹yipk Fm< eRyi(d
s[kDi[> Fmi[<ki piln minvki[ krni pDti h].
Fm< ki
piln
(1) r(xt: Fm<: rx(t. rxi (kyi gyi Fm< hmir) rxi krti h]. udihrNk[ $pm[> (pti Fm<ki piln krt[ h&<E p&#ik) pQie< k)
jiy ai]r s>Akir (dE jiy tb p&#i bDi hi[kr (ptiki piln krti h].
(2) h(ºt Fm<: ht: . Fm<ki htn krn[ s[ aFm< hi[ti h] ai]r yh htn (kyi Fm< aYi<t` aFm< hm>[ mir Dilti h]. udihrN k[
$p m[> (ptZ Fm<ki piln n krn[ s[ aYi<t` p&#ik) pQie< n krn[ s[ Ev> s>Akir) n bnin[ s[ (ptiki piln krti nh)> h];
(jss[ akil mZRy& hi[t) h].
Bi](tk
(vcirFiri
a>g\[j BirtvP< m[> Sisn krt[ h&E Birt vP<m[> Bi](tk (vcirFiriki mtiri[pN (kyi. BirtvP<k[ li[g Bi](tkvid) hi[ gE h]>. Bi](tk
vid) Fm<, aY<, kim ai]r mi[xki j)vn Ci[Dkr (sf< aY< aYi<t` Fn p\i(¼tki ai]r ESairim krn[ki j)vn Äy(tt krti h]. km
s[ km ~m krk[ a(Fkri>[ a(Fk y>#i ki[ ~m krn[ d[ni. ess[ p\d*PN bQti h] ai]r hmir[ a(AtRv k[ simn[ p\Ån p]di h&ai h].
d*sri[>ki Fn hDp krni j]s[ an[k aFm< li[g kr rh[ h]>. yh aFm< Bri j)vn hmiri niS kr d[gi.
Fm<piln â(P m&(nai[>n[ b\M>iD S¾dki p\yi[g (kyi h]. a>F[r) rit m[> aikiSm[> b\Mi>D k[ dS<n hi[t[ h>]. b\Mi>D aYi<t` b\M` a>D[ k[ smin
hi[ni. b\M` S(±t oiri g(tS)l rhti h]. S(±tki Av$p bdlti h] (kºt& S(±tki niS nh)> hi[ti. es(lE ai(d S>kriciy<n[ b\Mmm`
sRym` jgt` (m¸yi khi. dZÆy jgt niSv>t h]. b\M` niSb>t nh)> h]. b\M Fm<ki piln krti h]. Fm<ki piln aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqi
aYi<t` kt<Äy(nOqi aYi<t` kt<Äy Bivniki piln. gi]tm b&¹Fn[ 'Fmm` SrN> gµCi(m>". m>#i (dyi. aYi<t` m]> Xink[ SrNm[> jiti h*‡.
Fm<ki piln aYi<t` kt<ÄyBivni k[ Xinki piln. y(d hm[> kt<Äyi[>ki piln krni h]; tb hm[> Xin hi[ni ci(hE. ~)md` Bgvd`
g)tim[> ~) kZONn[ aj&<nki[ Xin yi[gki upd[S (dyi. Fm<ki piln km<yi[g h]>. Fm<k[ pilnk[ p\(t aiAYi yi p\)(t B(±t khi gyi
h]. es(lE ~)kZONn[ B(±t yi[gki upd[S (dyi h]. Xinyi[g, km<yi[g ai]r B(±tyi[g t_vdS<nk[ aiFir h]>. ~) kZON jgd`g&@ kh[
gE h]>, ±yi[>(k sir[ (vVm[> t_vdS<nki Ek h) Av$p hi[ti h]. Fm<piln ai¹yi(Rmktiki Äyivhi(rk Av$p h].
Fm< (nrp[x BirtvP< Fm< (nrp[x riOT^ h], E[si khi jiti h] ji[ srisr aXin h]. (r(ljin (Religion) ki BiPi>tr 'Fm<" (kyi h]; ji[ m*K<ti h) h].
(r(l¶ynki BiPi>tr s>p\diy B) nh)> hi[ti. (r(l¶ynki BiPi>tr ~¹Fi>F~¹Fi hi[gi. Birtki Fm<sip[x riOT^ h]. Fm< (nrp[x aYi<t`
Fm< h)n ai]r Fm<sip[x aYi<t` Fm<k[ siY j&Di h&ai. BirtvP< pr Fm<ki Sisk h]. BirtvP<ki riOT^¹vj Fm<¹vj h] (jsm[>
Fm<ck| h]. hmiri riOT^ Fm<sip[x h]; E[si bi[lni nh)> aiti. Fm< S¾dki glt p\yi[g a>g\[ji[>ki Cl h], es Clk[ hm (Skir bn
gE h>]. yh hmir[ aXink) crm s)mi h]. y[ hmir[ d[Sk[ a(vwiSiA#i) (Uneducationist) k) d[n h]. ±yi hmir[ d[Sm[> ki[e< (vwiSiA#i)
(Educationist) h]?
s>p\diy s>+p\+di- s>p\diy . s>p\din yi p\din g&@ apn[ (SOyki[ (vPyki Xin ap<N krti h]. es pr>priki[ s>p\diy khi jiti h]. (r(l¶yn
(Religion) m[> an&yiy) apn[ an&yiy) ki[ ~¹Fi ai]r a>F~¹Fi d[ti h]. a>F~¹Fi aYi<t` aXin d[ti h]. es p\kir s>p\diy Xink[

6. {6}
(c>tnk[ siY j&Di h&ai h] ai]r (r(l¶yn (Religion) aXink) (vcirFirik[ siY j&Di h&ai h]. es(lE (r(l¶yn (Religion) ki BiPi>tr
~¹Fi ai]r a>F~¹Fiki (m~N aYi<t` ~¹Fi>F~¹Fi khi jiEgi.
s>AkZ(t a>g\ji>[n[ e(nDyn kÃcr (Indian Culture) E[si nim hmir) s>AkZ(tki[ (dyi. hm aXi(nyi>[n[ eski BiPi>tr Birt)y s>AkZ(t (kyi. ji[
ab p\c(lt hi[ gyi h]. hmir) pr>prigt v[di>t s>AkZ(t h]. v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n aiFi(rt s>AkZ(t. t_vdS<n aYi<t` (fls*f)
(The Philosophy) hmir[ BirtvP<m[> ~¹Fi>F~¹Fiy&±t (Religions) (vcirFiri (Ideology) nh)> h], (kºt& t_vdS<ny&±t (The Philosophical) (c>tn
h]. (vcirFiri ai]r (c>tnm[> fk< h]. (c>tnm[> a>F~¹Fi nh)> hi[t). BirtvP<m[> a>F~¹Fiai[>ki p\Biv 800 vP<k) g&lim) s[
(k|(Vyi(nT) ai]r eAlimk) (vcirFiri s[ h&ai h].
t_vdS<n tt`+_v+dS<n. tt` S¾d b\M`ki vick h]. tt`+_v+S¾d _v p\Ryy lgin[s[ bni h] j]s[ nig(rk_v ki aY< nig(rkki kt<Äy aYvi
nig(rkk) Bivni. t_v ki aY< b\Mk) Bivni aYvi b\Mki kt<Äy hi[gi. b\M`ki kt<Äy Fm< h] ai]r b\M`k) Bivni Xin h].
t_vdS<nki aY< b\M`ki Fm< d[Kni aYi<t` b\M`k[ Xinki[ d[Kni minvki kt<Äy aYi<t` Fm< b\M` Fm<k[ smin h].
g&@g>\Yv[d m&slmin Siski[k[ aRyicirki (vri[F krn[k[ (lE g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ g&@g>\Y (lKi ai]r esk[ p)C[ sihb S¾d lgiyi (jss[ g&@ g\>Y
sihb nim pDi. esm[> S)Ki[>k[ kt<Äyi[>ki aYi<t` Fmi[<ki upd[S h]. es(lE g&@g>\Y v[d nim u(ct h]. sihb S¾d arb)- firs)ki
h]; es(lE sihb S¾d ti¶y h].
Religion and
ism
Jain religion or Jainism
Bauddha Religion or Bauddhism
Shikh Religion or Shikhism
Shaiva Religion or Shaivism
Vaishnav Religion or Vaishnavism
Shakta Religion or Shaktism
upy&<±t sB) (r(l(¶yn aYvi vid v[di>t yi t_vdS<n The Philosophy h]. smy k[ p\vihm[> t_vdS<n (c>tnm[> ~¹Fi>F~¹Fiki
(vcirvid ai gyi h]. BirtvP<m[> ~¹Fi>F~¹Fi aYi<t` (r(l(¶yn (Religion) k[ (vcirvid (Ideology) ki[ ki[e< AYin nh)> h]. a>g\[ji>[n[
aXin p]di (kyi.
Si[PN 1192 A.D. s[ l[kr ab tk BirtvP< g&lim rhi h]. 1947 A.D. k[ bid abtk BirtvP< min(sk g&lim h]. es(lE BirtvP<ki Si[PN
(v(vF Av$pi[> m]> clti h) rhi h].
(1) ai(Y<k Si[PN: BirtvP< si[n[ k) (c(Dyi khi jiti Yi. BirtvP<ki si[ni, ci>d), jvihrit (vd[S) Sisk l[ gE. (vd[S)
k>p(nyi< aij B) BirtvP<ki ai(Y<k Si[PN krt) h]>.
(2) min(sk Si[PN: BirtvP<k[ nig(rk aizid)k[ bid B) a>g\[ji[>k[ min(sk g&lim h]; es(lE a>g\[j hmiri min(sk Si[PN
kr rh[ h]>. min(sk Si[PN aYi<t` d*sr[ Äy(±tk[ (vciri[>k[ an&sir si[cni ai]r Äyvhir krni. a>g\[j cl[ gE (kºt&
unk[ oiri (dyi gyi aXin Birtk[ li[g g\hN krk[ Äyvhir kr rh[ h]>.
(3) ~¹FiF~¹Fiy&±t (Religionus) Si[PN: ~¹FiF~¹Fiy&±t (Religious) n[ti apn[ (vcir an&yi(yyi[> pr Yi[pkr pkr Si[PN krt[
h]>.
1. rijn)(tk Si[PN: Fn ai]r s_iiki lilcd[kr rijn)(tk Si[PN (kyi jiti h].
(4) simi(jk Si[PN: simi(jk (vvih s>b>Fki lilc d[kr simi(jk Si[PN (kyi jiti h].
(pti Fm< p&#i ai]r p&#ii[k) aµC) trh pQie< krk[ Äyvsiy yi[³y bnini . p&#i)k) Sid) E[s[ y&vk k[ siY krini ji[ Äyvsiy xm, s>Akir),
(nÄy<sn) ai]r kt<Äy(nOq hi[>.
miti Fm< p&#i ai]r p&#i)k) aµC) trh pQie< krvikr Äyvsiyxm bnini. p&#i)k) Sid) E[s[ y&vkk[ siY krini ji[ Äyvsiyxm, s>Akir),
(nÄy<sn) ai]r kt<Äy(nOq hi[.
p(tFm< pRn)ki[ S>kr piv<t)k) trh aiFia>g minni ai]r aidr krni. pRn)ki[ d[v)ki sÀmin d[ni ai]r usk[ s&K-d&:Km[> sñdZy bnni
p(tFm< h].
p&#iFm< p&#iFm< aYi<t` p&#iki kt<Äy. miti (ptik) u(ct aiXiki piln, miti (ptiki aidr, b&Qip[ m[> miti (ptik) s[vi s&~&Pi, miti
(ptik) ai(Y<k mdd, miti (ptik) smAyiai[>k[ smiFink[ (lE unk) mdd krni, ai(d kt<Äyi[>ki piln p&#iki Fm< h].
p&#i)Fm< miti (ptik) u(ct aiXiki piln, miti (ptiki aidr, miti (ptik[ siY (vcir -(vmS< krni, miti (ptik) s[vi s&~&Pi, unk)
smAyiai[>k[ smiFin h[t& unk) mdd krni, eRyi(d kt<Äyi[ki piln p&#i)ki Fm< h].
B\itZFm< B\itZFm<ki aY< Bie<ki Bi<ek[ p\(t kt<Äy hi[ti h]. rimiyNm[> B\itZFm<ki (vAtZt vN<n (kyi h]. upy&<±t ai]r aºy sB) Fmi[<ki
(vvrN rimiyN ai]r mhiBirt mhikiÄyi[>m[ (kyi gyi h].
(m#iFm< (m#iki (m#ik[ p\(t kt<Äy (m#i Fm< h]. Äy(±tk) pr)xi krk[ (m#iti krn) ci(hE. (m#ik) smAyiai[>k[ smiFin h[t& (m#iki Äyvhir
hi[ni ci(hE.
nig(rk Fm< nig(rk ki nig(rk k[ $pm[> kt<Äy nig(rk Fm< khi gyi h]. nig(rkk[ kt<Äyi[>m[ aºy an[k kt<Äy ai jit[ h]>. nig(rkki d[Sk[
p\(t kt<Äy nig(rk Fm< h]. d[Sk[ nig(rki[>k[ p\(t shin&B*(t k@Ni, nig(rk Fm< h]. d[SB(±t k[ (lE p\i¼tFnki s[vi h[t& upyi[g

7. {7}
krni, d[Sk) p\g(t, K&Shil)k[ (lE yi[g din krni nig(rk Fm< h]. B\OT^icir n krni d[S s[vi h].
(Bx&k Fm< kºyiki pi(Ng\hN krn[k[ (lE (Bxi mi>gn) pDt) h]. (vwi p\i(¼tk[ (lE, Sr)r Äyi(Fg\At hi[n[ pr B*K (m#in[k[ (lE (Bxi mi>gn)
pDt) h].
(vwiY)< Fm< (vwiY)< (js (vPy m[> smx nh)> pDt) us (vPy m[> p\Ån p*Cti h]. yh (vwiY)< Fm< h].
pDi]S) Fm< pDi]S) Fm< m[> pDi]S)k[ $pm[> aºy pDi]S)k[ p\(t usk) smAyiai[>ki[ d*r krn[ m[> usk) mdd krni pDi]S)Fm< hi[ti h].
Sr)r Fm< Sr)r Fm< aYi<t` Äy(±tki apn[ Sr)rk[ p\(t kt<Äy. hm[> utni h) Kini p)ni ci(hE; (jss[ hmiri Sr)r AvAY rh sk[. (nb<l
mnk[ kirN Äy(±t tÀbik&, Srib, af)N, g&TKi ai(d jhr)l[ pdiYi[<ki s[vn krti h]. a>g[\ji[>n[ m&nif[ k[ (lE c)n), vnAp(t G)
j]s[ jhr)l[ pdiY< bniy[ ai]r b[cn[ lg[. hmir[ aXink[ kirN tÀbik&, c)n), vnAp(t G) j]s[ pdiYi[<ki upyi[g hm kr rh[ h]> ai]r
ess[ Diyi(bT)s, k[ºsr j]s[ By>kr ri[gi[k[ (Skir hm hi[ rh[ h]>. hm[‡ pi](OTk aihir l[ni ci(hE. Sr)rki[ AvAY rKn[ki hmiri Fm<
h]. phli s&K t>d&rAt Sr)r h].
a>g\[j hmir[ pi]ri(Nk si(hRym[> ais&r) vZ(_iki vN<n h]. a>g\[j ais&r) vZ(_iki viAt(vk minv)krN h]. a>g[\j 1613 A.D.s[ BirtvP<m[>
Äyipir kr rh[ h]>. unki h[t& Äyipir krni ai]r Birtki Si[PN krni ai]r BirtvP< pr Sisn krni . BirtvP< 300 vP< tk
a>g[\ji[ki s>AYin bni rhi. aizid) k[ bid B) a>g\[j min(sk g&lim Birt)yi[>k) shiytis[ BirtvP<ki s>AYink) trh Si[PN kr
rh[ h]>.
BirtvP<m[> a>g\[j rixs)vZ(_i vil[ li[g h]>. a>g\[j BirtvP<m[> aFm)< j]si Äyvhir kr rh[ h]>. a>g[\j BirtvP<m[> s>Si[Fn krn[
nh)> d[t[. Di<‘BiBi, Di<‘siriBie< j]s[ v]Xi(nki[>n[ s>Si[Fn (kyi tb unki[ rhAymy hRyi h&e<. 1857 A.D. m[> (vWi[hki Cl p]di krk[
zi>s)k) rin) lÈm)bie< ai]r m&GlbidSih bhid&rSih jfrs[ s_ii hTil) ai]r sir[ BirtvP<ki[ a>g\[ji[>n[ apn[ aF)n kr (lyi.
a>g\[ji[k) rixs)vZ(_iki p\(t(b>b hmir[ s>(vFinm[> h]. hmiri s>(vFin h)n ai]r (nÀn kxiki h]; (jsk) p\S>si a>g\ji[>k[
min(sk g&lim kr rh[ h]>; riOT^p(t s>(vFink) rxiki p\N s]¹Fi>(tk $pm[> l[t[ h], (kºt& viAt(vkti m[> v[ rijn)(tk px k[ c&n[ h&E
p\Finm>#i)k[ rbr AT[Àp h]>. rijn)(tk px h) srm&KRyir bn jiti h].
BirtvP<k) (vwi p\Nil), v[di>t s>AkZ(t ai]r t_vdS<nki niS a>g\[ji[n[> (kyi.
(k|k[T yh K[l a>g\[ji[ki> h]. yh mni[r>jnki K[l nh)> rhi (kºt& j&ai K[ln[ki ai]r p\jiki Si[PN krn[ki K[l bn gyi h]. es(lE
(k|k[T K[l pr p\(t(b>F lgini ci(hE.
ki]mnv[ÃY a>g\[ji[ki kr)b 45 riOT^i[ pr s>AYin (colony) Yi. y[ sb riOT^ aizid hi[ gE, esk[ bid en riOT^i[ki s>gqn bni es[ ki[mnv[ÃY khi
gyi. hr cir vP<k[ bid s>m[ln hi[ti h]. es s>m[lnki a¹yx y&‘k[‘ ki tiniSih hi[ti h]. eski[ hmir[ d[Ski p\(t(n(F aidr krti
h]. Avit>#yk[ bid y&‘k[‘ k[ tiniSihki sÀmin krni Sm<k) bit h]. hm[> E[s[ l¶jiApd s>gqnki Ryig krni ci(hE.
WTO
(vV Äyipir s>gqnki[ WTO khi gyi h]. es s>gqnki BirtvP< nr(s>h riv Sisnk[ smy s¿y bni Yi. es s>gqnk[ sdAyk[
$pm[> (vd[S) k>pn)ki[ BirtvP<m[> aikr uRpidn, (bk|) ai]r Äyipir krn[ki a(Fkir h] ai]r m&nifi apn[ d[Sm[> l[ jin[ki a(Fkir
h]. BirtvP< en k>p(nyi[> pr p\(tb>F lgi skti nh)> h]. BirtvP<ki[ WTO s>gqn s[ hT jini ci(hE. (jss[ (vd[S) k>p(nyi< hmiri
Si[PN n kr sk[.
viyrs a>g\ji[n[ BirtvP<k[ li[gi[> m[ viyrs (Virus) nimk aF<j)vk[ hi[n[ki mtiri[PN (Indoctrination) (kyi. BirtvP<k[ li[g viyrs h] E[si
minn[ lg[. es viyrss[ HIV / AIDS , Avien ½l&, bD<±l&, c)kn g&(nyi, D[³y&, m[l[(ryi ai(d ri[g hi[t[ h], E[si By p]di (kyi.
BirtvP<k[ aXin) li[g yh miºyti sh) h] E[si minn[ lg[. (vd[S) dvieyi> b[cn[ vil) k>p(nyi> en kiÃp(nk ri[gi[>ki By btikr
apn) (v(vF dvieyi> b[ckr BirtvP<ki Si[PN kr rh) h]. gi>F) v]dki m[l(mlip khivtk[ an&sir BirtvP<k[ Di<kTrB)
kiÃp(nk ri[gki[ sh) btikr li[gi[>k[ Si[PN m[ apni yi[gdin d[ rh[ h]. hmiri d[S, hmir) p\ji, hmir[ Di<kTr, hmir[ n[ti k]s[ h].
yh smzm[> nh) aiti. hmir[ d[Sk[ n[ti d[S±t hi[n[ki gi]rv l[ rh[ h]. ±yi yh gi]rv sh) h]?
gZhuwi[g a>g\[ji[n[ BirtvP<k[ gZhuwi[gi[>ki niS (kyi ai]r ai]Fi[(gkkrN p]di (kyi. b[kr) d*r h&e<; E[si bhini btikr BirtvP<ki Si[PN
a>g\[j aizid)k[ bidB) kr rh[ h]>.
p(tFm< p(tki[ S>kr piv<t)k) trh aiFia>g minni ai]r aidr krni pRn)Fm< h]. p(tki[ d[vki sÀmin d[ni ai]r usk[ s&K – d&:Km[>
sñdy bnni pRn)ki kt<Äy h]>.
s>(vFin a>g\[j BirtvP<ki[ aizid) d[ni nh)> ciht[ Y[. (kºt& S)ty&¹F (Cold war) ki p\ir>B hi[n[ k[ kirN a>g\[ji[n[ d&rkr BirtvP<ki[ aizid)
(vmS bnkr d[n) pD). es(lE s>(vFin SBi ai]r bibi sihb ai>b[Dkrki nim l[kr BirtvP<ki s>(vFin Gi[(Pt (kyi. hmiri
s>(vFin viAt(vk ai]r tk<y&±t nh)> h]. es(lE hmiri d[S p\(t(dn aGi[g(t kr rhi h]>. es h)n kxiki s>(vFin d*r hm[> t_vdS)<
li[gi[> oiri nyi s>(vFin bnini ci(hE. vt<min s>(vFin hmir) v[di>t s>AkZ(tki niS kr rhi h].
b(ldin d[v d[v)k[ aig[ pS& px)ki bl)din d[ni aXin h]. v[di>t s>AkZ(t es[ miºy nh) krt).

8. {8}




Retd. Professor, B.Ed. Collage, Godhra, Panchmahals, Gujrat, India.