vedic corpus.pptx

historical topic which includes ethics of traditional knowledge in India. In this ppt we have defined the knowledge of vedic corpus.

1. VEDIC CORPUS Essence Of Indian Traditional Knowledge

2. INTRODUCTION Historians divide the Vedic corpus into two parts early and later Vedic texts Early Vedic literature refers to the family books of the Rig Veda Samhita. Later Vedic literature includes Books 1, 8, 9, and 10 of the Rig Veda Samhita, the Samhitas of the Sama, Yajur , and Atharva Vedas, and the Brahmanas, Aranyakas , and Upanishads attached to all the four Vedas .

3. VEDIC LITERATURE

4. TYPES OF VEDIC LITERATURE Shruti Literature The word ‘Shruti’ from the term ‘Shruti Literature’ means ‘to hear’ and describes the sacred texts which comprise of Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas , & Upanishads. Shruti Literature is canonical, consisting of revelation and unquestionable truth, and is considered eternal. Smriti Literature Whereas, the word ‘ Smiriti ’ literally means to be remembered and which is supplementary and may change over time. Smriti Literature is the entire body of the post-Vedic Classical Sanskrit literature and consists of Vedanga , Shad darsana , Puranas, Itihasa , Upveda , Tantras, Agamas, Upangas .

5. The SHRUTI Vedic literature can be classified into the following categories: The four Vedas i.e. the Rigveda Samaveda Yajurveda Atharvaveda and their Samhitas. The Brahmanas The Aranyakas The Upanishads

6. WHAT ARE VEDAS? The Vedas are the large bodies of religious text that is composed of Vedic Sanskrit and originated in ancient India. They form the oldest scriptures of Hinduism and the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature. The Vedas are said to have passed on through verbal transmission from one generation to the next. The Sanskrit word Veda "knowledge or revelation" is derived from the root Vid- "to know", i.e. entire knowledge is contained in this single word. Ancient Indian sage Mantradrishta , by the enchantments of the hidden secrets of knowledge, understanding, reflecting their perception of the world to compile the knowledge presented in the texts of ancient texts called Veda.

7. Types of Vedas RIGVEDA YAJURVEDA SAMAVEDA ATHARVAVEDA

8. NAME OF VEDA KEY FEATURES OF THE VEDA RIGVEDA It is the earliest form of veda . SAMAVDA The earliest reference for singing. YAJURVEDA Also known as the book of prayers. ATHARVAVEDA The book of magic & charms.

9. RIGVEDA The Rigveda ऋग्वेद is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns ( sūktas ). Rigveda is regarded as one of the most sacred texts of Hinduism. It has fascinated scholars and historians due to its significance and antiquity The Rigveda is divided into ten books which are known as Mandalas It is a collection of 10,600 verses and 1,028 hymns It is the oldest text in any Indo-European language It has originated from early as 1700 BC

10. YJURVEDA Stands to mean ‘Worship Knowledge’, Yajurveda dates back to 1100-800 BCE It compiles ritual-offering mantras/chants. These chants were offered by the priest alongside a person who used to perform a ritual It has two types – Krishna (Black/Dark) & Shukla (White/Bright) Krishna Yajurveda has an un-arranged, unclear, motley collection of verses Shukla Yajurveda has arranged and clear verses The oldest layer of Yajurveda has 1875 verses mostly taken up from Rigveda The youngest layer of Yajurveda consists of various Upanishads – Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the Isha Upanishad, the Taittiriya Upanishad, the Katha Upanishad, the Shvetashvatara Upanishad and the Maitri UpanishadVajasaneyi Samhita is the Samhita in the Shukla Yajurveda

11. SAMAVEDA Known as the Veda of melodies and chants, Samaveda dates back to 1200-800 BCE. Features of SamavedaThere are 1549 verses (except 75 verses, all have been taken from Rigveda) There are two Upanishads embedded in Samaveda – Chandogya Upanishad and Kena Upanishad The Samaveda is considered as the root of the Indian classical music and dance It is considered as the storehouse of the melodious chants There are three recensions of the text of the Samaveda – Kauthuma , Raṇayaniya and Jaimaniya Samaveda is categorised into two parts – Part-I includes melodies called Gana & Part-II includes three verses book called Archika . Samaveda Samhita is not meant to be read as a text, it is like a musical score sheet that must be heard

12. ATHARVAVEDA Stands to mean a tatpurusha compound of Atharvan , an ancient sage, and knowledge ( atharvan+knowledge ), it dates back to 1000-800 BCE. The key features of Atharvaveda are given the table below:Features of Atharvaveda The daily procedures of life are very well enumerated in this VedaIt has 730 hymns/ suktas , 6000 mantras, and 20 books Paippalada and the Saunakiya are two surviving recensions of Atharvaveda Called a Veda of magical formulas, it includes three primary Upanishads – Mundaka Upanishad, the Mandukya Upanishad, and the Prashna Upanishad This Veda contains hymns many of which were charms and magic spells which are meant to be pronounced by the person who seeks some benefit,

13. BRAHMANAS They are the prose texts that explain the hymns in the Vedas and are also the classification of Sanskrit texts that are embedded within each Veda, incorporating myths and legends to explain and instruct Brahmins on the performance of Vedic rituals. In addition to explaining the symbolism and meaning of the Samhitas, Brahmana literature also expounds scientific knowledge of the Vedic Period, including observational astronomy and, particularly in relation to altar construction, geometry. Divergent in nature, some Brahmanas also contain mystical and philosophical material that constitutes Aranyakas  and Upanishads. ARAYANAKS A few important points about Aranyakas are mentioned below: These are called Forest BooksSacrificial rituals are interpreted by Aranyakas in a symbolic and philosophical way. UPNISHADS A few important points about Upanishads are mentioned below: There are 108 UpanishadsOut of 108 Upanishads, 13 are considered the major ones. The concepts of ‘Atman’ and ‘Brahman’ are majorly explained by Upanishads It contains philosophical ideas about the following concepts too: Sacrifice,Body,Universe

14. Vedas , language & fonts It was during the post-Vedic period that vernacular Sanskrit, otherwise known as bhāṣā , begins to show significant changes, simplification and loss of archaic forms.

15. Smriti vedic literation can be divided into the following: Vedangas Puranas Shad darsana Itihasa Upveda Tantras Agamas Upangas

16. Vedangas Vedanga can be literally translated as "the limbs of the Vedas," referring to the six disciplines associated with studying the ancient Indian spiritual texts, the Vedas. These texts laid the foundation for both yoga and Hinduism. These six "limbs" can together support the study, preservation and interpretation of the Vedas. In ancient India, where they developed, they were designed to provide students of the Vedas with a holistic and integrated understanding of the scriptures. The Vedangas give insights into the meters, structure, language and meaning of the Vedas, as well as helping to understand other post-Vedic texts and aspects of Hindu and yogic philosophy. Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of Hindu philosophy. The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, gave rise to the Dharma-sutras, which later expanded into Dharma-shastras.

17. VEDANGAS HUMAN EQUIVALENT LIMB CHHANDAS LEGS KALPA HANDS JYOTISHA EYES NIRUKTA EARS SHIKSHA NOSE VYAKRANA FACE The following verses from Paniniya Shiksha illustrate the importance of Vedangas by comparing them to the limbs of the human body. छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ पठ्यतेज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते।शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम्तस्मात्साङ्कमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते।।

18. The 6 types of vedangas are Shiksha - the study of phonology, phonetics and pronunciation. This focuses on the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, as well as the way that words are combined and expressed in a Vedic recitation. Chhandas - the study of prosody, which looks at poetic meter. This incorporates analyzing the number of syllables per verse, and any fixed patterns within them. Vyarkarana - the analysis of grammar and linguistics, in order to establish the precise way in which words and sentences were constructed to express ideas. Nirukta - the study of etymology, particularly with regard to explaining the meaning of words that are archaic. Kalpa - the focus on ritual instructions. This field looks at procedures described for rites of passage, weddings, births and other rituals associated with life events. It also explores concepts of individual duty and proper conduct. Jyotisha - the study of auspicious times, which draws on the Vedic practice of using astrology and astronomy to guide rituals and timekeeping.

19. Why Vedic knowledge is essential? It is proved that modern-day discoveries, inventions, theories, and concepts are broadly based on Vedic knowledge/literature. Many scientists have studied Vedic literature to get in-depth insights into scientific, spiritual, psychological, and behavioral knowledge.

20. What is Vedic Philosophy? Vedic Philosophy provides answers to all unanswered questions i.e why there is pain and pleasure, rich and poor, healthy and sick; God – His qualities, nature, and works. Soul – Its nature and qualities, souls of humans and animals; reincarnation – how does it happen, why one is born as he or she is.

21. What is Vedic teaching? The main aim of Vedic education was to attain salvation through education. The teacher teaches the student in Gurukuls and Ashrams. The students and teachers follow the principle of simple living but high thinking. Education helped in the observance of celibacy, and control over the sense, and purity of life.

22. CONCLUSION When people today learn about India's ancient Vedas they discover a tradition perhaps 5000 years old, guided by illumined seers living in harmony with nature, chanting arcane mantras, and performing mysterious fire rituals. This image of the Vedic world appears fascinating but is also difficult to understand, suggesting perhaps a mystical fantasy more than any deeper reality. Vedic knowledge represents not only the past but also the future of India. It helped shape the characteristic features of India's vast and enduring Dharmic civilization through the centuries, as the Vedas first of all were formulated to teach Dharma. India's traditional philosophies, arts and sciences have strong Vedic connections. The Vedas were one of the main inspirations for India's Independence Movement, particularly through Dayananda Sarasvati, Lokmanya Tilak and Sri Aurobindo, and India's great gurus today continue to  honour  them.

23. THANK-YOU PRESENTED BY : Performed under the guidance of , Prof. Ms. Smruti Borkar (11) Ms. Pranjali Shirode Ms. Siddhi Bhoir (08) Ms. Eshita Humane (20) Ms. Devika Parab (39)