Second half of Vedic Period The second half of the Vedic period was characterized by the emergence of towns, kingdoms, and a complex social differentiation distinctive to India, and the Kuru Kingdom's codification Of Orthodox Sacrificial Ritual During This time, The Of Orthodox Sacrificial ritual .During This time, The central Ganges Plain was dominated by a related but non-Vedic Indo-Aryan culture
End of Vedic period The end of the Vedic period witnessed the rise of true cities and large states (called mahajanapadas) as well as śramaṇa movements (including Jainism and Buddhism) which challenged the Vedic orthodoxy. the Vedic orthodoxy.