Vegitative propagation

A topic related to Forestry

1. By Faisal Khalid Forestry and Wildlife Management University of Haripur [email protected]

2. Vegetative propagation

3. Vegetative propagation  or vegetative reproduction is the growth and development of a  plant  by asexual means. Since plants resulting from vegetative propagation are produced asexually from a single parent plant, they are genetic clones of the parent plant. In   non-vascular plants , such as mosses and liverworts, vegetative reproductive structures include   spores etc. In vascular plants, vegetative reproductive plant parts include roots, stems, and  leaves .

4. REASONS FOR VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION: Vegetative reproduction is adopted under special circumstances, which are as under: Inability to produce viable seed (in spp like Banyan, Fig, Oranges, etc) True to type spp (exactly similar to mother spp) By seed the seedling may not be like mother tree or somewhat father tree In veg reproduction, 100% surety is guaranteed. Particular form of plant (e.g. a dwarf tree)

5. Modify growth habit (e.g. if Olea ferrugenia , which has good root system but low seed production, is grafted with other Olea spp, which has poor root system but good seed production, the new spp will be modified with not only good root system but also excellent seed production) Adaptation of habitat: (by vegetative means the adoptability of a spp in a particular area is increased) Produce immunity against pests and diseases More quantity of plants/ greater no of plants Tissue culture here a single tissue produces a single plant From a single tree, we can produce millions of plants. Easy and quick results: Sometimes seed collection is a problem e.g. poplar, Tamarix , etc also vegetative means takes lesser times to grow which the seeds take to germinate, establish, etc.

6. Types of Vegetative Propagation Natural and Artificial Methods of Reproducing Plants

7. Natural vegetative propagation Natural vegetative propagation  involves the development of a new plant from parts of a single mature plant. The new plants grow and develop naturally without human intervention . The new plants arise naturally from….. adventitious roots . Rhizomes runners Bulbs Tubers Corms buds. Plantlets Suckers

8. Runners Bulbs Tubers Corms Suckers Plantlets

9. Artificial Vegetative Propagation Artificial vegetative propagation is a type of plant reproduction that is accomplished through artificial means involving human intervention. The most common types of artificial vegetative reproductive techniques involve cutting, layering, grafting, suckering, and tissue culture. These methods are employed by many farmers and horticulturists to produce healthier crops with more desirable qualities.

10. Cutting Cutting - A part of a plant, typically a stem or leaf, is cut off and planted. Adventitious roots develop from the cuttings and a new plant eventually forms.

11. Grafting In grafting, a desired cutting or scion is attached to the stem of another plant that remains rooted in the ground. Eventually, the tissue systems of the cutting become grafted into or integrated with the tissue systems of the base plant.

12. layering This method involves bending plant branches or stems so that they touch the ground. The portions of branches or stems in contact with the ground are then covered with soil. Adventitious roots develop in the parts covered by soil and the attached shoot (branch or stem) with new roots is known as a layer.

13. A ir layering air layering , branches are scraped and covered with plastic to reduce moisture loss. Adventitious roots develop where the branches were scrapped and the branches are removed from the tree and planted. The branches develop into new plants over time.

14. Suckering - Suckers are allowed to grow to form a dense compact mat that is attached to the parent plant. Since too many suckers can lead to a smaller crop size, excess numbers are pruned. Mature suckers are cut away from the parent plant and transplanted to a new area where they grow into new plants.

15. Tissue Culture This technique involves the culturing of plant cells that may be taken from different parts of a parent plant. The tissue is placed in a sterilized container and nurtured in a special medium until a mass of cells known as a callus is formed. The callus is then cultured in a hormone- ladened medium and eventually develops into plantlets. Plantlets can then be planted and develop into fully grown plants.

16. T hanks