vehicle security management using fingerprint module and using GPS and GSM

Using Fingerprint, GPS, and GSM – Brief Overview

Fingerprint Module:
Authenticates driver via fingerprint; only authorized users can start the vehicle.

GPS Module:
Tracks the vehicle's real-time location.

GSM Module:
Sends SMS alerts (e.g., unauthorized access or location data) to the owner.

Working:

Fingerprint is scanned.

If valid → vehicle starts.

If invalid → engine remains off, alert sent with GPS location.

Owner can send SMS to disable vehicle remotely.

Purpose:
Prevent theft, allow only trusted users, and track vehicle remotely.

1. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)

Mini-Project Proposal
Mini Project AY_2024-25


MINIPROJECT SYNOPSIS


PROJECT TITLE

VEHICLE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING FINGERPRINT MODULE




Submitted by:

Name: Varun V Jatti USN:2KA24EC406
Name: prasad C Akki USN:2KA23EC038
Name: Abhishek A Badiger USN:2KA23EC001
Name: Ravi P Totakavu USN:2KA22EC064






Under the guidance of

MR. Amarappa Pagi
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

SKSVMACET LAKSHMESHWAR

2. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)


ABSTRACT
This mini-project presents a Vehicle Security Management System (VSMS) that combines
GSM, GPS, and a Fingerprint Module to create a robust anti-theft solution. The system
uses the fingerprint module for secure, biometric-based ignition, allowing only authorized
users to start the vehicle. In the event of an unauthorized attempt or movement, the GPS
module tracks the vehicle's location, and the GSM module sends an immediate SMS alert to
the owner, the owner can then remotely immobilize the vehicle by sending a simple text
message, providing real-time location details. This integrated system offers a powerful and
reliable way to prevent theft and aid in vehicle recovery.
ehicle theft and unauthorized access have become significant issues in modern society,
creating the need for advanced and reliable security systems. Traditional locking methods
such as keys, number locks, or basic alarms are no longer sufficient, as they can easily be
tampered with by intruders. To overcome these challenges, this project proposes a smart
security solution titled “Vehicle Security Management using Fingerprint Module, GPS, and
GSM”.
The system is designed to integrate three major technologies to ensure maximum security:
a fingerprint sensor for biometric authentication, a GPS module for real-time location
tracking, and a GSM module for instant communication with the vehicle owner. The
fingerprint module serves as the first line of defense, allowing only authorized users to
start the vehicle. In case of an unauthorized attempt, the system automatically blocks
ignition, activates a buzzer, and sends an SMS alert to the owner along with the vehicle’s
live location using GPS coordinates.
Furthermore, the GSM module enables the owner to send remote commands such as LOCK,
UNLOCK, LOC, or STATUS, giving complete control even when away from the vehicle. This
dual-layer protection not only prevents theft but also allows quick corrective action if theft
occurs. The proposed system is cost-effective, user-friendly, and scalable, making it suitable
for personal vehicles, public transport, fleet management, rental services, and emergency
vehicles. Ultimately, the project aims to create a secure, practical, and efficient solution to
address the rising concerns of vehicle theft and misuse.

3. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)



INTRODUCTION

Since the number of vehicle thefts is rising daily, it has become more and more challenging
to provide a vehicle with excellent protection while keeping the main focus on the theft
tool. Despite the fact that vehicle theft is on the rise, no vehicles in the market have a
fingerprint security system as of yet. The goal of the car security system that uses GPS,
GSM, fingerprint, and passcode verification is to improve vehicle security and reduce the
danger of theft and unauthorised entry. The system aims to accomplish this by utilizing a
combination of technologies that can track the location of the vehicle, remotely disable the
engine, authenticate the driver via fingerprint or passcode verification, and send alerts to
the owner’s mobile phone if the vehicle is stolen with. The system’s ultimate purpose is to
provide a high level of security for the vehicle and its occupants while also giving the owner
with peace of mind. In conclusion, the goal of the GPS, GSM, fingerprint, and passcode
verification car security system is to offer a complete security solution for automobiles that
combines many technologies to improve security and lower the risk of theft and
unauthorised access
With the rapid increase in vehicle theft and unauthorized usage, ensuring the safety of
vehicles has become a major concern for individuals, organizations, and transport systems.
Conventional security systems such as mechanical locks and basic alarms are often
insufficient, as they can be bypassed by intruders. To address these limitations, the
integration of advanced technologies such as biometrics, GPS tracking, and GSM
communication provides a smarter and more reliable solution.
The proposed system, “Vehicle Security Management using Fingerprint Module, GPS, and
GSM”, focuses on enhancing vehicle safety by combining biometric authentication with
real-time monitoring and remote communication. The fingerprint module acts as the
primary security mechanism, allowing only authorized users to start the vehicle. In
addition, the GPS module enables real-time location tracking, while the GSM module
provides instant SMS alerts and remote control commands such as locking, unlocking, and
status monitoring.
This integrated approach ensures a dual layer of protection: preventive (restricting
unauthorized access) and corrective (alerting and tracking in case of theft). The system is
designed to be user-friendly, cost-effective, and scalable, making it suitable for personal
vehicles, public transport, rental fleets, and logistics applications. Ultimately, the project
aims to provide a reliable, smart, and practical solution to modern vehicle security
challenges.

4. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)

Objectives
Vehicle Security Management using Fingerprint Module, GPS, and GSM” is to design a smart
and reliable system that ensures enhanced safety of vehicles against theft and
unauthorized usage. The system aims to use a fingerprint module as a biometric access
control so that only authorized users can start the vehicle.
To provide real-time monitoring, a GPS module is integrated to track the exact location of
the vehicle at any time. In addition, a GSM module is employed to send instant SMS alerts to
the owner in case of suspicious activity or forced access attempts.
The system also enables the owner to remotely control the vehicle, such as locking,
unlocking, or immobilizing it through SMS commands. Overall, the project’s objective is to
combine biometric security with tracking and communication technologies to develop a
reliable, user-friendly, and effective vehicle security solution In today's world, vehicle theft
has become a widespread issue. To counter this problem, a smart theft detection system
has been proposed, which utilizes GSM, GPS, Arduino, and fingerprint verification. The
system consists of an Arduino microcontroller that manages and supervises the various
components of the system.
The GPS module tracks the vehicle's location in real time, while the GSM module sends
alerts to the vehicle owner if a possible theft is detected. Additionally, the fingerprint
verification system is used to authenticate the driver's identity. The system is capable of
delivering real-time alerts to the owner's smartphone via text messages or emails,
providing the owner with an opportunity to take appropriate action. The GPSmodule also
assists in locating the vehicle, which can aidin its recovery.

5. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)


LITERATURE SURVEY

AUTHOR PAPER SOURCE FINDING
PavandeepKaur*1,
Aliza*2,
Kashish Bhatia*3,
Jaspreet Singh*4
MayankChhabra*5
Automobile
security system
using fingerprint
sensor an
Arduino
International Research
Journal of Modernization in
Engineering Technology and
Science,
ISSN: 2582-5208

Volume:03/Issue:05/May-
2021
microcontrollers and GSM
modules are used to achieve
protection by adding
biometrics, i.e. fingerprints.
GSM and GPS-enabled
fingerprint identification and
protection system.
Gangan D D*1
Abhilash S G*2
Kruthika A N*3
Rammurthy D*4
Fingerprint
Based vehicle
stater system.
International Journal of
Advance Research, Ideas
and Innovations in
Technology
ISSN: 2454-132X

Volume:11/Issue:03/march-
2022
Traditional methods like keys
and RFID cards are prone to
theft and duplication. Studies
show that integrating
fingerprint sensors
microcontrollers, such as
Arduino or Raspberry Pi,
enables secure and user-
friendly vehicle access.
Pranav PS*1 Fingerprint International Research vehicle security with anti-theft
detection, locking and location
finding system for
accessing the vehicle in
smartest ways internet of
things (IOT) and GSM
technology are used and for
monitoring and security
system using finger print
authenticated key is
implemented

Hariharan G*2
based vehicle
security and
Journal of Engineering and
Technology(IRJET) ISSN:
Rajkamal J*3 loction tracking 2395-0056
Veeramani V*4

Volume:07/Issue:05/may-

2020

6. ECE
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2025-26 (Odd)


METHODOLOGY

The system's methodology entails the integration of multiple hardware
components, along with programming the Arduino microcontroller to obtain data
from the GPS and fingerprint scanner modules, interact with the GSM module, and
identify suspicious activities that could indicate an attempted theft. To ensure that
only authorized individuals operate the vehicle, the fingerprint scanner
authenticates the driver's identity. Additionally, the GPS and GSMmodules track the
vehicle's location in real-time, sending notifications to the owner's mobile phone
when suspicious activities occur, such as the vehicle being moved without an
authorized fingerprint scan. Owners can monitor the vehicle's location and
movements through a mobile app or web interface. If the vehicle is stolen, the
owner can enable the recovery mode, which immobilizes the vehicle and provides
real-time location tracking to the owner and law enforcement agencies. This
advanced security system can be customized to meet the user's specific
requirements and provides a comprehensive solution to prevent vehicle theft. By
following these steps, the smart theft detection system can be effectively
implemented, offering real-time alerts and location tracking to the owner, and
ultimately preventing vehicle theft.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

7. ECE
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BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Fingerprint Verification: The system requires the driver to provide a valid fingerprint
scan for authentication before the vehicle can be operated. The fingerprint scanner
module reads the driver's fingerprint and compares it with the authorized fingerprints
stored in the system. If the fingerprint scan matches with an authorized driver, the system
allows the vehicle to operate. Otherwise, it sends an alert to the owner's smartphone and
immobilizes the vehicle.
GPS and GSM Tracking: The system uses GPS and GSM modules to track the location of
the vehicle in real time and send alerts to the owner's smartphone if any unusual activity
is detected. The GPS module tracks the vehicle's location, speed, and direction, while the
GSM module sends alerts via SMS or call to the owner's smartphone.
Real-Time Monitoring: The owner can monitor the vehicle's location and movement
using a mobile app or web interface. The app or interface provides real- time updates on
the vehicle's location, speed, and direction, as well as alerts on any unusual activity
detected by the system.
Recovery Mode: In case of theft, the owner can activate the recovery mode, which will
immobilize the vehicle and provide real-time location tracking to the owner and law
enforcement agencies. The recovery mode can be activated remotely using the mobile
app or web interface.
Hardware and Software Integration: The hardware components including GSM and GPS
modules, Arduino microcontroller, fingerprint scanner, and other necessary components
are integrated and programmed to communicate with each other effectively.


HARDWARE DISCUSION
Arduino Uno
Arduino is a user-friendly electronics platform that operates on open-source software
and hardware. It is designed to cater to the needs of artists, designers, hobbyists, and
anyone interested in creating interactive projects. The microcontrollers on
Arduinoboards can be programmed to manage various electronic components, such
as sensors, motors, displays, and LEDs.
The software used in Arduino is based on a programming language known as Wiring,
which bears similarities to C++. It offers a straightforward and user- friendly interface
for coding, uploading the code to the board, and communicating with it through a USB
port. There are various kinds of Arduino boards available, each with different
functionalities and capabilities, including Arduino Uno, Nano, Mega, and Due.

8. ECE
Academic
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2025-26 (Odd)

Arduino is widely employed in different projects, such asrobotics, home automation,
wearable technology, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Its open-source
nature has led to the development of a vast collection of libraries, tutorials, and
examples by the Arduino community. As a result, beginners can easily get started, and
experienced users can construct complex projects with ease


Fig -2: Arduino Uno




Fingerprint sensor
The way in which a fingerprint scanner operates is through the use of either optical
rays or a capacitive array circuit. Optical sensors emit a bright light onto the finger,
which then captures a digital image of the fingerprint. The pattern of the fingerprint
is then translated into a series of 0's and 1's to create a unique identification key or
source code. If the key matches that of an authorized user, access will be granted to
the system.


Fig -3: Fingerprint sensor
On the other hand, capacitive sensors work by tracking every ridge and valley of the
fingerprint through the use of conductive plates. When a ridge is placed over a plate, it
changes the stored charge in the capacitor, whereas the valleys leave the charge
unchanged. An operational amplifier circuit is then used to record every detail of the
fingerprint, which is subsequently analyzed and converted into digital data by an
analog-to-digital converter.

9. ECE
Academic
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2025-26 (Odd)


GSM
The Global System for Mobile Communications, or GSM for short, is a digital cellular
network standard that enables voice and data communication between mobile devices
worldwide. GSM has become one of the most prevalent cellular network technologies
globally.
GSM networks operate on different frequency bands, and mobile devices must support
the bands used in the region to connect to the network successfully. To identify and
authenticate users on the network, GSM employs a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
card, which stores critical user information like their phonenumber.




Fig -4: GSM
GSM is a dependable and extensively used cellular network technology that has
revolutionized the way people communicate and has become an integral part of
everyday life for billions of people worldwide.



GPS
The Global Positioning System, or GPS for short, is a satellite-based navigation
system that provides location and time information regardless of weather conditions.
This technology operates anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an
unobstructed line of sight to at least four GPS satellites.

10. ECE
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The GPS system comprises a network of orbiting satellites, ground control stations,
and GPS receivers. A GPS receiver receives signals from GPS satellites to
calculate its position and velocity. To determine its location, the GPS receiver
measures the time it takes for signals from at least four GPS satellites to reach
the receiver.

GPS technology has a wide range of applications, including navigation for vehicles and
airplanes, surveying and mapping, geolocation for social media and other apps, and
tracking people and assets. It is also used in the military for navigation, missile
guidance, and targeting.



RELAY
Additionally, a relay can also be used in conjunction with other sensors and modules
to provide additional control and automation capabilities. For example, the relay can be
used with a temperature sensor to control a heating or cooling system, or with a motion
sensor to activate lightsor alarms when motion is detected.
Moreover, the use of a relay can also enhance safety by isolating the low-power control
circuit from the high- power circuit that is being switched. This can help prevent
electrical shocks or damage to the control circuit in case of a fault or overload in the
high-power circuit.


Fig -6: Relay
It seems like you are describing a security mechanism where a fingerprint is used to
authenticate access to a system, and if the fingerprint does not match the authorized
user, the system is deactivated (relay off) andthe motor is turned off.
This type of security mechanism can be used in a variety of applications, such as access
control to buildings or vehicles, or to secure sensitive equipment. By using biometric
authentication, such as a fingerprint, the system can ensure that only authorized
individuals can access the system or equipment.

11. ECE
Academic
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Overall, the use of a relay in an intelligent glove for visually impaired people can provide
a versatile and efficient way of controlling electrical devices and systems, improving the
user's independence and quality of life.
It seems like you are describing a security mechanism where a fingerprint is used to
authenticate access to a system, and if the fingerprint does not match the authorized
user, the system is deactivated (relay off) andthe motor is turned off.
This type of security mechanism can be used in a variety of applications, such as access
control to buildings or vehicles, or to secure sensitive equipment. By using biometric
authentication, such as a fingerprint, the system can ensure that only authorized
individuals can access the system or equipment.


Fig -7 DC Motor
If the fingerprint does not match the authorized user, the system can deactivate itself as
a security measure to prevent unauthorized access. This may involve turning off a motor
or other critical components to ensure that the system is safe and secure.
Overall, this type of security mechanism can provide a high level of protection against
unauthorized access and can help to ensure that sensitive equipment or systems remain
secure.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
A flat panel display device that displays several discrete or static images, usually with
low information content.


Fig-8 Liquid Crystal display

12. ECE
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is a flat-panel display technology widely used in electronic devices to show characters,
numbers, symbols, or images. It works on the principle of liquid crystals, which do not emit
light directly but use a backlight and polarizers to control the passage of light, making the
desired content visible. LCDs are lightweight, consume low power, and provide clear
displays, which makes them suitable for applications ranging from simple digital watches
and calculators to advanced devices like smartphones, televisions, and computer monitors.

Buzzer
A buzzer or a beeper is an audio signalling device that produces a sound or tone when an
electrical signal is applied to it. They can be easily controlled by microcontrollers, and can
be programmed to produce different tones and patterns for different applications.



Fig-9 Buzzer

which generate sound when power is applied directly, and passive buzzers, which require
an external signal or frequency to produce sound. They are widely used in alarms, timers,
indicators, electronic toys, home appliances, and security systems to draw attention or
provide feedback. Buzzers are simple, reliable, and low-cost components that play an
important role in communication between electronic devices and users.
OVERVIEW OF THE COMPONENTS

i.
Fingerprint Scanner
ii.
Arduino Uno Board/Microcontroller
iii.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
iv.
Buzzer
v.
DC Motor
vi.
GPS / GSM Module
vii.
Relay









Figure 2. Circuit diagram of proposed system

13. ECE
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Figure 8. Relay
Ignition System:
The ignition system can be modified to only activate when a valid fingerprint is detected
by the fingerprint sensor. Here a relay module is introduced to ignite the vehicle as it will
prevent unauthorized access to the vehicle.

Power Supply:A stable power supply will be needed to power the system. A rechargeable
battery or a car’s electrical system can be used.

The following steps for the proposed system are as:

Step 1: User have to register to the vehicle security system in order to access the vehicle
by scanning his/her fingerprints using fingerprint scanner as it will generate an image of
the finger and it will be processed by the microcontroller which will store the data of the
user.
Step 2: To start the car, driver has to place their finger on the fingerprint scanner to
authenticate themselves.
Step 3: The fingerprint scanner sends the fingerprint data to the microcontroller for
processing.
Step 4: The microcontroller compares the fingerprint data with the stored fingerprints
data to determine if the driver is authorized to start the vehicle.
Step 5: If the fingerprint is recognized, the microcontroller sends a signal to the relay
module to activate the ignition system of the vehicle. At the same time, the
microcontroller sends a message to the GSM module to notify the owner or authorized
user that the vehicle has been started.
Step 6: The GPS module will continuously send the location data to the microcontroller,
which can be used to track the vehicle in real-time.
Step 7: If the vehicle is stolen or in case of any emergency, the owner can use their
smartphone to send a message to the GSM module, which will disable the ignition system
and send the current location of the vehicle so that it can be easily tracked by the owner.

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Pin Description
1.
Fingerprint Module (R307/AS608)
o
VCC → 5V (power supply)
o
GND → GND (common ground)
o
TX → RX2 (Pin 17) (data from fingerprint sensor to Arduino)
o
RX → TX2 (Pin 16) (commands from Arduino to fingerprint sensor)
2.
GPS Module (NEO-6M / NEO-7M)
o
VCC → 5V
o
GND → GND
o
TX → RX1 (Pin 19) (GPS data to Arduino)
o
RX → TX1 (Pin 18) (optional, usually not required)
3.
GSM Module (SIM800L/SIM900)
o
VCC → 4V–4.2V regulated supply ( cannot connect directly to 5V)
o
GND → GND
o
TX → RX3 (Pin 15) (data from GSM to Arduino)
o
RX → TX3 (Pin 14) (Arduino to GSM module)
4.
Relay Module (Ignition/Fuel Cut Control)
o
VCC → 5V
o
GND → GND
o
IN → Digital Pin 7 (Arduino signal to activate/deactivate relay)
5.
Buzzer (for alerts)
o

+ → Digital Pin 6
o
– → GND
6.
Valet / Override Switch (Optional)
o
One end → Digital Pin 5
o
Other end → GND (configured as INPUT_PULLUP in Arduino)
7.
Arduino Power
o
VIN → 12V vehicle battery (through buck converter)
o
GND → Vehicle ground

Pin Description of LCD (16x2 with I2C)
When using an LCD with an I2C interface (recommended), only two Arduino pins are
required:
1.
VCC → 5V (Power supply for LCD)
2.
GND → GND (Common ground)
3.
SDA → Arduino Mega Pin 20 (Data line for I2C communication)
4.
SCL → Arduino Mega Pin 21 (Clock line for I2C communication)

If using a 16x2 LCD without I2C module (direct 4-bit mode):

VSS → GND

VDD → +5V

V0 → Potentiometer (contrast control)

RS → Digital Pin 12

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
RW → GND (write mode only)

E → Digital Pin 11

D4 → Digital Pin 5

D5 → Digital Pin 4

D6 → Digital Pin 3

D7 → Digital Pin 2

A (LED+) → +5V via 220Ω resistor (for backlight)

K (LED–) → GND

Implementation of Hardware
The hardware implementation of the system involves integrating the Arduino Mega 2560
microcontroller with various modules such as the fingerprint sensor, GPS module, GSM
module, LCD display, relay, and supporting components.
1.
Microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560)
o
Acts as the central processing unit of the system.
o
Controls communication between fingerprint, GPS, GSM, LCD, and relay.
o
Chosen because it has multiple hardware serial ports, which reduces
communication conflicts between modules.
2.
Fingerprint Module
o
Connected to one of the serial ports of Arduino.
o
Used for biometric authentication, ensuring that only authorized users can
start the vehicle.
o
When a valid fingerprint is matched, the Arduino activates the ignition relay.
3.
GPS Module (NEO-6M / NEO-7M)
o
Provides real-time location of the vehicle.
o
Connected to another serial port of Arduino.
o
The obtained coordinates are stored and also sent via GSM to the vehicle
owner when required.
4.
GSM Module (SIM800L / SIM900)
o
Connected to a dedicated serial port of Arduino.
o
Used for sending SMS alerts to the vehicle owner in case of unauthorized
access.
o
Also receives SMS commands from the owner to lock, unlock, or get the live
location of the vehicle.
5.
LCD Display (16x2 with I2C Interface)
o
Displays system status such as “Waiting for Fingerprint”, “Access Granted”,
“Access Denied”, and GPS/GSM connection updates.
o
Helps the user monitor system operation easily.
6.
Relay Module
o
Acts as a switch to control the ignition or fuel supply of the vehicle.
o
Only activates when the fingerprint is verified successfully.
o
Prevents the engine from starting in case of unauthorized access.

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7.
Power Supply
o
A DC-DC buck converter is used to step down the 12V vehicle battery to 5V
for powering the Arduino, fingerprint sensor, GPS, LCD, and relay.

SOFTWARE
Arduino IDE

Arduino is an open-source project, enabling hobbyists to easily take advantage of the
powerful Atmega chips. The Arduino IDE is the software where you can write code and
upload it to the Atmega chip. The code is then executed on the chip.
Most 3D-printer electronics are Arduino-compatible, they use the Atmega chip and enable
the user to upload their code using Arduino. This includes Megatronics, Minitronics and
RAMPS.
Before you can start using the electronics you need software 'firmware', that translates
machine instructions (gcode) into actual movements. There are a few options here,
including Marlin and Sprinter and Repetier. The actual firmware is not discussed in this
document

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. In the Tools menu, locate the Serial port item. This should include at least one item if the
board is connected and the drivers are installed properly. If there are multiple items here,
you need to find out which is the correct one by unplugging the board and checking which
port was removed.
Once you have set the board and serial port, you can upload the firmware bypressing File →
Upload. Arduino will try to compile the firmware, if any errors occurthe process will stop
and you will need to fix the errors before trying again. Oncecompilation is complete, the
actual upload will start. This may take a minute for alarge sketch.Arduino
You can actually 'talk' to the firmware using the Serial monitor. Make sure the correct serial
port is selected and locate the Serial monitor button.

This will open a new window:

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Make sure the line ending is set to newline and the baud rate corresponds to your
firmware (115200 mostly), or you will get jibberish. You can enter a command in
the upper box (M105 for example), this will result in response from the firmware.
The temperature in this case

SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION:
The software implementation of the system is carried out using the Arduino IDE to
program the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The program is written in embedded
C/C++ and makes use of various libraries to handle the fingerprint sensor, GPS, GSM, and
LCD modules efficiently.
1.
Fingerprint Authentication Logic
o
The program continuously scans for a fingerprint input.
o
When a fingerprint is placed, the sensor compares it with the enrolled
database stored in its memory.
o
If the fingerprint matches an authorized user, the Arduino activates the relay,
enabling the ignition system, and displays “Access Granted” on the LCD.
o
If the fingerprint does not match, the system keeps the ignition locked,
triggers a buzzer alert, and initiates an SMS warning to the owner.
2.
GPS Data Processing
o
The Arduino receives NMEA data from the GPS module through Serial
communication.
o
Using the TinyGPS++ library, the latitude and longitude are extracted.
o
The latest valid coordinates are stored and can be sent to the owner on
request.
3.
GSM Communication
o
The SIM800L/SIM900 GSM module is controlled through AT commands via
the TinyGSM library.
o

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o
The system can automatically send SMS alerts in case of unauthorized access.
o
It also listens for incoming SMS commands such as LOC (send current
location), LOCK (disable ignition), UNLOCK (enable ignition), and STATUS
(send system status).
4.
LCD Display Control
o
The system uses an I2C LCD library to update the display with user-friendly
messages.
5.
Relay and Ignition Control
o
The relay is controlled through a digital output pin of the Arduino.
o
By default, the ignition remains locked (relay OFF).
o
Upon successful fingerprint authentication, the relay is switched ON for a
limited time, allowing the user to start the vehicle.
o
The relay can also be switched OFF remotely via an SMS command.
6.
Alert System (Buzzer and SMS)
o
The buzzer provides instant audio feedback for valid and invalid attempts.
o
The GSM module ensures that the owner is informed immediately in case of
intrusion.
7.
Flow of Software Operation
o
Step 1: System starts → LCD shows “Waiting for Fingerprint”.
o
Step 2: User places finger → Arduino verifies fingerprint.
o
Step 3a: If valid → Relay ON, LCD shows “Access Granted”.
o
Step 3b: If invalid → Relay OFF, buzzer ON, SMS alert sent with GPS location.
o
Step 4: GSM listens for SMS commands → executes owner’s request

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Program:-

#include <Adafruit_Fingerprint.h>
#include <TinyGPSPlus.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
// ---------- Software Serial ----------
SoftwareSerial fpSerial(8, 9); // Fingerprint RX, TX
SoftwareSerial gpsSerial(4, 5); // GPS RX, TX
SoftwareSerial gsmSerial(6, 7);

// GSM RX, TX
// ---------- Modules ----------
Adafruit_Fingerprint finger = Adafruit_Fingerprint(&fpSerial);
TinyGPSPlus gps;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
// ---------- Pins ----------
const int RELAY_PIN = 10;
const int BUZZER_PIN = 11;
// ---------- Owner Phone Numbers ----------
const char OWNER1[] = "[phone]"; // Replace with your number
const char OWNER2[] = "[phone]"; // Optional second number
// ---------- Variables ----------
bool armed = true;
unsigned long unlockUntil = 0;
String lastLocation = "No Fix";
void setup() {
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);

Serial.begin(9600); // For debugging
fpSerial.begin(57600);
gpsSerial.begin(9600);
gsmSerial.begin(9600);

lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Vehicle Security");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("System Starting");

21. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)

delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
// Init fingerprint
if (finger.verifyPassword()) {
Serial.println("Fingerprint sensor detected");
lcd.print("FP Sensor OK");
} else {
Serial.println("Fingerprint sensor NOT found");
lcd.print("FP Sensor Error");
while (1);
}
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("System Ready");
// GSM Init (simple test)
sendSMS(OWNER1, "System Started: Security Active");
}

void loop() {
updateGPS();
checkFingerprint();
checkSMS();
// Auto re-arm after 30 seconds
if (!armed && millis() > unlockUntil) {
armed = true;
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("System Armed");
}
}
// ---------- GPS Handling ----------
void updateGPS() {
while (gpsSerial.available()) {
gps.encode(gpsSerial.read());
}
if (gps.location.isUpdated()) {
lastLocation = "https://maps.google.com/?q=" + String(gps.location.lat(), 6) + "," +
String(gps.location.lng(), 6);
}
}

// ---------- Fingerprint Handling ----------
void checkFingerprint() {

22. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)


if (armed) {
int id = getFingerprintID();
if (id >= 0) {
buzz(2);
armed = false;
unlockUntil = millis() + 30000UL; // Unlock for 30s
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Access Granted");
String msg = "Authorized ID: " + String(id) + "\nVehicle Unlocked\n" + lastLocation;
sendSMS(OWNER1, msg);
}
}
}

int getFingerprintID() {
uint8_t p = finger.getImage();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
p = finger.image2Tz();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
p = finger.fingerFastSearch();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return -1;
return finger.fingerID;
}
// ---------- GSM Handling ----------
void checkSMS() {
if (gsmSerial.available()) {
String sms = gsmSerial.readString();
sms.toUpperCase();

if (sms.indexOf("LOC") >= 0) {
sendSMS(OWNER1, "Vehicle Location:\n" + lastLocation);
} else if (sms.indexOf("LOCK") >= 0) {
armed = true;
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
sendSMS(OWNER1, "Vehicle Locked");
} else if (sms.indexOf("UNLOCK") >= 0) {
armed = false;
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
unlockUntil = millis() + 30000UL;
sendSMS(OWNER1, "Vehicle Unlocked (30s)");
} else if (sms.indexOf("STATUS") >= 0) {
String state = armed ? "Armed" : "Disarmed";
sendSMS(OWNER1, "System: " + state + "\n" + lastLocation);
}
}
}

23. ECE
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Mini-Project
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// ---------- Helper Functions ----------
void sendSMS(String number, String message) {
gsmSerial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
delay(200);
gsmSerial.print("AT+CMGS=\"");
gsmSerial.print(number);
gsmSerial.println("\"");
delay(200);
gsmSerial.print(message);
delay(200);
gsmSerial.write(26); // CTRL+Z
delay(3000);
}

void buzz(int times) {
for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
delay(100);
}
}

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULT:


The integration of GSM, GPS, Arduino, and fingerprint verification technology in the
smart theft detection system provides a practical solution to vehicle theft. The
inclusion of fingerprint verification enhances the security of the system by
allowing only authorized drivers to operate the vehicle. Real-time tracking of the
vehicle's location, speed, and direction using the GPS and GSM modules enables
owners to monitor their vehicle's movement and detect any suspicious activity.
The system also sends SMS or calls to the owner's smartphone if any unauthorized
access or tampering is detected. The re

24. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)


Applications of Vehicle Security Management System

Application Area Purpose / Benefit
Personal Vehicles
Protects cars/bikes from theft; only authorized users can start the
vehicle.

Public Transport (buses, Ensures

only

registered

drivers

can

operate;

GPS

tracking
taxis, autos) improves passenger safety.

Company / Institutional Prevents misuse of official vehicles; enables monitoring of routes
Fleets and driver activity.

Rental & Shared Vehicles
Allows access only to the registered customer; provides remote
lock/unlock and tracking.

Emergency & Government Secures ambulances, police, and fire trucks against unauthorized
Vehicles use; ensures live tracking.

Logistics & Transport Monitors vehicles carrying goods; reduces theft risk by restricting
Companies driver access and enabling tracking.


Advantages

1.
High Security :-Biometric authentication ensures that only authorized users can
start the vehicle, reducing theft risk.
2.
Real-Time Tracking :– GPS provides live vehicle location that can be monitored
through SMS links.
3.
Remote Control: – The GSM module allows owners to lock, unlock, and check the
status of the vehicle remotely.
4.
Instant Alerts :– SMS notifications inform the owner immediately about
unauthorized access attempts or suspicious activities.
5.
User-Friendly :– LCD display gives clear messages about system status, making it
easy to use.
6.
Cost-Effective :– Uses affordable modules like GSM, GPS, and fingerprint sensors,
making it practical for implementation.
7.
Scalable :– Can be expanded with more features such as mobile apps, IoT
integration, or accident detection.

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Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)

Disadvantages
1.
Network Dependency – GSM module requires strong mobile signal; poor coverage
may delay SMS alerts.
2.
GPS Limitations:– Location accuracy may drop in areas with weak satellite visibility
(e.g., tunnels, dense buildings).
3.
Limited Fingerprint Storage:– Some fingerprint modules can only store a limited
number of fingerprints, restricting users.
4.
Power Consumption:– Continuous GPS and GSM usage can drain the battery faster if
not managed properly.
5.
Delay in Response:– SMS-based communication may have slight delays compared to
internet-based systems.
6.
System Cost vs. Basic Locks :– Although affordable, it is still costlier compared to
simple mechanical locks.
7.
Maintenance:– Fingerprint sensors may need regular cleaning, and modules can be
affected by dust or harsh weather.


CONCLUSIONS
Fingerprint based car tracking system using GPS / GSM module helps to protect vehicles
from theft. The main role of this system is to provide real-time location tracking of the
vehicle, which can be useful in case of theft or other emergency situations. This
technology can help locate vehicles quickly and accurately, increasing the likelihood of
recovery. With this system, the vehicle can be turned off easily with just a simple SMS.
This setting is more interactive because it has a screen to display some basic information
about the vehicle. This system is further improved due to the presence of GPS support,
which makes the system more effective, because the owner can prevent the car from
being stolen and even track if the car has gone several kilometres without stopping.

REFERENCES

[1]
PavandeepKaur*1, Aliza*2, Kashish Bhatia*3, Jaspreet Singh*4, MayankChhabra*5 ,
Automobile security system using fingerprint sensor an Arduino, International Research
Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, ISSN: 2582-5208,
Volume:03/Issue:05/May-2021, microcontrollers and GSM modules are used to achieve
protection by adding biometrics, i.e. fingerprints. GSM and GPS-enabled fingerprint
identification and protection system.

26. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)

[2]
Gangan D D*1, Abhilash S G*2, Kruthika A N*3, Rammurthy D*4, Fingerprint Based vehicle
stater system. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in
Technology , ISSN: 2454-132X, Volume:11/Issue:03/march-2022, Traditional methods like
keys and RFID cards are prone to theft and duplication. Studies show that integrating
fingerprint sensors microcontrollers, such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi, enables secure and
user-friendly vehicle access.

28. ECE
Academic
Mini-Project
2025-26 (Odd)