Verb Pattern

The verb patterns are dependent upon the first verb. There are several different types of pattern.

1. VERB PATTERN

2. The verb patterns are dependent upon the first verb. There are  several different types of pattern . Sometimes in a sentence, one verb follows another. For example: -They want to buy a book about verb pattern. The  first verb   is 'want', the  second verb   is 'buy'. What is a verb pattern?

3. What is a verb? A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English. In fact, you can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these “ action ” parts of speech are. The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of being . Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express activity.

4. VERB - overview Verb can be classified into two types : Finite Verb Non-finite Verb Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.

5. Finite Verb

6. What are finite verbs? A finite verb is a verb which has a subject and shows tense. Ex: Nana lives in Thailand. [I is the subject, lives describes what the subject does – lives is a finite verb] In short, it is a verb being a verb (i.e., a doing verb) as opposed to a non-finite verb (verbal) Finite verbs are the locus of grammatical information of gender, person, number, tense, aspect, mood, and/or voice.

7. Finite verbs show TENSE and VOICE 24 Types of TENSE - 12 are in active voice - 12 are in passive voice

8. Finite VERB

9. For examples: Sarah told me her secret. (For active voice) I was told about this matter many times. (For passive voice) Limited by Voice

10. For examples: Eye goes to work by car every day. (Singular) Many people like going abroad. (Plural) Limited by its subject

11. For examples: I am not playing game, but I am doing homework. (V.ing - Present continuous tense) They have just finished their work. ( V.3 - Present perfect tense) Limited by the Tense

12. Things to observe: → Each verb has its subject → The form of the verb depends on its subject → Each verb is limited by number, person of the subject and its tense For examples; She was playing football. They are talking in the room.

13. A finite verb is generally expected to have a subject. For examples: He painted the fence. [In this example, painted is a finite verb] I was excited about moving to Thailand. [In this example, was is a finite verb] Everyone wanted to go to the amusement park, but we only had four tickets. [In this example, wanted is a finite verb]

14. 2 TYPES of finite verbs 1. Main verbs Action verb -Intransitive Verbs -Transitive Verbs Linking Verb 2. Helping Verbs Main Helping Verb Modal Verb

15. Main Verb 1. Action Verb An action verb shows action. It tells what the subject of the sentence does Ex. Bill hit the ball. 2 TYPES -Transitive Verbs -Intransitive Verbs → Express an action passes from → Express an action of the the subject to an object subject without an object Ex: Jan greeted the visitors. Ex: The train stopped.

16. 2. Linking Verb A   linking verb   connects the subject with a word that gives information about the subject Also referred to as copulas or copular verbs Variously called " copulative ," " equative ," " intensive " or " linking" verbs ." Common Linking Verb: Ex: am, is, was, been, seems, feels The most common linking verbs are forms of " to be ," "to become" and "to seem.“

17. These types of verbs : → Show a relationship between the subject and the part of the sentence following the verb → Connect or link the subject with more information (words that further identify or describe the subject) → Identify a relationship or existing condition Ex: The eggs smell rotten. All the kittens were playful. 2. Linking Verb (cont.)

18. The different between linking verbs and verbs of perception! A linking verb is a copular (or copulative) verb. It is a verb that connects words or clauses linked in sense or connecting a subject to the part of the sentence following the verb Verbs of perception are different . These verbs pertain to the senses: see, hear, smell, taste, and feel as well as variants like watch and listen.

19. Helping Verb (Auxiliary Verb) Helps a main verb; comes before the main verb 2 TYPES 1) Main helping verb (Primary Auxiliary Verb) Ex. V. to be, V. to do, V. to have 2) Modal verbs + V.inf Ex. Can, could, may, might + V.inf

20. There are 23 helping verbs (auxiliary verbs). They are always followed by a finite verb. 1. Main Helping verbs (Primary auxiliary verb) -Verb to be, Verb to do, Verb to have - In making a sentence For continuous tense; use be+V.ing For perfect tense; use have+V.3 For passive voice ; use be+V.3 2. Modal Verb (Secondary auxiliary verb) -Give an additional information about something -For examples: can, could, ought to, would, etc. -It can be used to express: Obligation, Suggestion, Give an advice, etc.

21. The best way to find a finite verb is by eliminating it as a non-finite verb. So, checked: Is it being used as a noun? Is it preceded by to? Is it being used as an adjective?

22. Non-Finite Verb

23. Definition Non-finite verb is also known as a verbal is the term used to describe a verb that is not showing tense.

24. Infinitive The infinitive is the base form of a verb. 2 Types ; 1. Infinitive with to ( to inf.) 2. Infinitive without to/ bare infinitive

25. Infinitive with to Structure : Subject + Verb + to infinitive Ex. I want to go to London. Negative form of infinitive formed by putting not in front of any form of the infinitive. Ex. I decided not to go to London. Common verbs followed by to infinitive try, wait, decide, agree, want, ask, and etc.

26. Infinitive with to Function of Infinitive with to The to-infinitive as a noun Ex. To forgive is to set a prisoner free. Use as an adjective Ex. This is the plan to follow. Use as an adverb Ex. The Advengers must reunite to stop Ultron . put it after the Ordinal number or Superlative Ex. Barack Obama is the first African-American to win the U.S. presidency.

27. Infinitive with to Structure : Subject + verb + object + to infinitive Ex. The doctor told me to give up smoking. Common verbs followed by to infinitive advise, allow, ask, tell, instruct, get, etc.

28. Infinitive with to Function of Object + Infinitive with to ; Use with Perfect or Past meaning and Past Unreal → to have + V.3 Ex. I expect to have baked oatmeal cookies by tonight. Ex. I meant to tidy up the house, but the guests arrive earlier.

29. Infinitive without to 3 TYPES - Helping verb (modal verb) + v.inf without to - Causative verb + something + v.inf without to - Verb of Perception

30. Helping Verb Also called Auxiliary Verb Already mentioned

31. Causative verb + something + v.inf HAVE, MAKE, LET, GET, HELP are called causative verbs because they cause something else to happen. Have - This construction means give someone the responsibility to do something -ex. I have all my dishes washed. Get - This construction means something is NEED to do -ex. You need to get your car fixed.

32. Causative verb + something + v.inf Make - This construction means to force someone to do something. -ex. She made her children do their homework. Let - This construction means to allow someone to do something. - ex. Karn let me drive her new car.

33. HELP = Assist Someone In Doing Something After “help”, you can use “to” or not – both ways are correct. BUT THEY DO HAVE THE DIFFERENT IN MEANING Grammatical structure: - HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form) = directly done Ex: I help my mother wash a car - I wash a car by myself - HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB (base form) = indirectly done Ex: I help my mother to wash a car - I do not wash the car by myself, I just help my mother to pick an equipment in order to help her wash the car easier.

34. Gerund is a term for a verb form that functions as a noun. Function of Gerund Subject Object Complement Object of preposition

35. Verb of Perception Refer to those verbs‏‎ which are used to talk about sensing: Ex. See/look/watch/notice/observe, hear/listen to, taste, smell, touch/feel, sense in general Can be followed by: - VERB OF PERCEPTION + infinitive without to The infinitive is used after these verbs when we want to say that we hear or see the whole of an action or event Ex. I saw him cross the road. - VERB OF PERCEPTION + - ing form The – ing form is used to suggest that we hear an action or event in progress. Ex. I saw him crossing the road.

36. Gerund Position of Gerund in the sentence →Gerund usually followed ; Preposition Ex. I stopped the child from runn ing into the street. Verb (only some group that have to follow with V.ing ) avoid, begin, finish, keep, miss, practice, risk, start, stop, etc. Ex. Some people avoid confront ing reality. Some expressions = have fun, have a (adj.) time, have trouble, have difficulty Ex. She had a hard time recollect ing her childhood memories. The patient has trouble keep ing his balance.

37. Gerund spend/waste + time/money + v.ing Ex. Girl waste so much money buy ing new clothes. sit/stand/lie + ( place ) + v.ing Ex. Eye is l ying in bed wonder ing what she should do tomorrow. Reject/Deny + v.ing Ex. I deny spread ing the rumor.

38. Used “To inf. or Gerund”? Some verb when followed by to.inf have the same meaning with verb that followed by gerund. → start, begin, continue, plan, propose, intend, neglect, dread, prefer, love, like, hate, can’t bear, can’t stand Ex. I prefer to stay home rather than go to school. I prefer stay ing home to going to school. Some verb when followed by to.inf have different meaning from verb that followed by gerund. Ex. I’m trying to cool down the room temperature I tried open ing the window, but that didn’t help.

39. Participle Present Participle - V.ing Used in Continuous tense Ex. Students are paint ing the wall. Used when two actions occur at the same time Ex. Emma was do ing ballet when she broke her ankle.

40. Participle Past Participle - V.3 Used in Past Participle Ex. The old building has collapsed . Used in Passive Voice Ex. A new strategy will be developed soon.

41. Participle Perfect Participle - (Having + V.3 / Having been + V.3) - indicates completed action. You form the perfect participle by putting the present participle having in front of the past participle. Active voice → Having + V.3 Ex. After he had gone through a rehab, he was no longer alcoholic. Change the sentence to → Having gone through a rehab, he was no longer alcoholic. Passive voice → Having been + V.3 Ex . She trusted no one after she had been betrayed by her friend. Change the sentence to → Having been betrayed by her friend, she trust no one.

42. In each of the following sentences, indicate whether the highlighted verb is finite or non-finite. Tim gave Paul a menacing look. They have run away together. The dog will have to be trained well. EXERCISES Finite Non-finite Finite

43. Fill in the blank → to inf. / - ing ? 1. I would like ________ outside. (go) 2. Julia wants __________ it with an English boy. (share) 3. He enjoys ________ on exotic holidays EXERCISES to go to share going

44. Thank you By: Pimpisa Phatrapunpong M.4/1 No.5 Tanasorn Pajchim M.4/1 No.7