Verification of Newton’s Second Law of Motion. presented by redwanul.pptx

Newton's Second law

1. Verification of Newton’s Second Law of Motion by Atwood Machine Prepared by SL Name ID 1 FARIA, MAISHA 22-48478-3 2 SULTANA, SHARMIN 22-48479-3 3 MAZUMDER, REDWANUL HAQUE 22-48481-3 4 RAHMAN , FAHMIDA 22-48483-3

2. Contents THEORY APPARATUS PROCEDURE EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS & CALCULATION RESULT DISCUSSION RESOURCES

3. Verification of Newton’s 2 nd law 3 The net force(𝐹 𝑛𝑒𝑡 ) on a body is equal to the product of the body’s mass (m) and its acceleration (𝑎). In vector equation form, 𝐹 𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎 Newton's second law can be formally stated as, the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. This statement is expressed in equation form as, a = 𝐹 𝑛𝑒𝑡 m . Newton’s second law

4. Theory Considering the upward direction as positive, neglecting frication and mass of the pulley, and applying Newton’s law of motion we get f or M: f or m: Solving these two equations, we get the theoretical acceleration as As acceleration due to gravity g is constant in a particular place and taking total mass (M + m) constant for the Atwood machine, according to Newton’s second law we get (M – m) According to fig. applying the knowledge of equations of motion (D= ut +1/2 a ),we can calculate the experimental acceleration by   Verification of Newton’s 2 nd law 4

5. Apparatus Pulleys WEIGHT HANGERS STRING METER STICK Stop watch

6. Verification of Newton’s 2 nd law 6 Procedure The lighter mass (m) was held on the floor while attached to an end of the string. At height (D) from the floor, the heavier mass (M) was attached to the other end of the string. The height (D) was measured with a measuring scale. The string was ran over the pulley in the vertical plain. The whole system was then released. The time for the heavier mass to fall onto the floor was measured. The experiment was ran for 7 different mass differences (M-m). It was made sure that (𝑀 + 𝑚 ≈ 700𝑔) was constant. Excel was used to plot graph of experimental data ( a exp VS M-m) and the slope was found from the best fit line. A trend line was added to the graph. Slope was set (g/M-m) and was solved for (M + m). The percentage difference in (M + m) was found.

7. Experimental Data Verification of Newton’s 2 nd law 7

8. Graph of vs (M-m)   Verification of Newton’s 2nd law 8

9. Analysis and Calculation The slop of the straight line: From the graph- Slope = 1.3499 Or , M+m = = = 725.98gm   Error of : Error = %   Verification of Newton’s 2 nd law 9

10. Result Verification of Newton’s 2 nd law 10 From the ‘acceleration vs mass difference’ graph, the relationship between experimental acceleration and mass difference is proportional linear for the Atwood machine same as the theory says. Thus we can say that newton’s second law is 725.98gm.

11. Discussion Readings might not have been taken to eye level here measuring height . Reaction time while taking reading from she-watch might have affected our result .   Take minimum 3 reading of time from a stop-watch and then calculate mean value to minimize errors .   As there are lots of variables, calculation should be done carefully . The string wasn't moving freely because of some frictional Problem.

12. Thank you!