VERNACULAR RAJASTHAN -1.pptx

Vernacular Architecture of Rajasthan

1. Vernacular Architecture of Rajasthan By A.Shanmugga Rani,M.Arch

2. Culture of Rajasthan The  culture of  Rajasthan   includes many artistic traditions that reflect the ancient  Indian  way of life.  Rajasthan   is also called "Land of Kings". This historical state of  India   attracts tourists and vacationers with its rich culture, tradition, heritage, and monuments. Multi- colour is more. More and more glittering

3. Commonly Found Tribes Bhunga -Jaisalmar Bhil-Udaipur Meena-Jaipur and Madhopur Garasi-Siroho and Kota districta Damor Dhanka Koli

4. Bhunga The Bhunga is traditional construction type. This construction type has been in practice for more than 200 years. A Bhunga consists of a single cylindrically shaped room topped by a conical roof.

5. Bhunga Site: Typically found in flat terrain . They do not share common walls with adjacent buildings, with a typical distance of about 3m. Building Configruation : Bhunga is circular in plan with cylindrically shaped walls and topped with conical roof. Building typology: House(single family, 5-10inhabitant s). Bathroom and toilets are constructed in a separate structure . Settlements of one whole family-built on plinth .

6. Bhunga Architectural Features Building materials and Construction : Traditional roof consists of light-weight conical roof of thatch and wooden supporting members. The mud walls are simply extended into the ground for a foundation(without footing). Clustering : Arrangement of open spaces reflect their life-style and social structure. On a raised platform on which circulation is carried out.

7. Meena Tribe Meenas have more sense of privacy. Have a tendency to stay scattered. No clustering whatsoever, handful houses found on a hill . A single room structure. A single entrance. No windows/openings Door is the only source for light .

8. Meena Tribe Wall paintings by women . White paint in the interiors .

9. JAWALI HOUSE Smaller villages north of Bikaner. Uneven Terrain Main activity – Argiculture -millets-for own consumption as well as to sell. Compactly grouped houses within narrow paths . Private courtyard Semi-Private courtyard-Cattle Most significant and typical feature is the entrance gate of these houses and also their unique grain and other storage jars made of mud.

10. JAWALI HOUSE Streets of the village are defined by the long boundary walls or hedges of the outer courtyard of the houses. Various sizes and shapes of these entrance gates symbolizes transition and proclaim individual territory and identity. Mud walls of the boundary are heightened at this to cover the doorway in shape of an arch , a triangle or a square . A few niches may be provided for lamps.

11. JAWALI HOUSE In the plan, the houses have an enveloping quality with the inner courtyard as the nucleus. Mud walls of the rooms and the encircling walls with their numerous storage elements , are the first envelope around their private open-to-sky domain. Outer envelope encloses the open space for animals, the rooms for visitors, the storage area for fuel-wood and areas for other, less private activities

12. JAWALI HOUSE Guest rooms are in one corner and are away from the main house. Indicate the need for privacy in line with social custom. Guest rooms have platforms in the front, these might also be used for storage purposes or to house animals during conditions of severe heat or cold. Floor of this court is left unfinished and is often left in its natural condition.

13. Main house is entered through a small opening in a low mud wall, separating the two courtyards . Two rectangular rooms on the two sides and one circular jhompa right across the entrance surrounding the internal space which is open to sky. Circular jhompa has conical thatched roof and the rectangular rooms have flat roof. Symmetrically placed rooms , emphasize the entrance door of the circular jhompa when observed from the gate. JAWALI HOUSE

14. JAWALI HOUSE It is also the seat of the head male member of the family. The circular jhompa is the kitchen space while the rectangular rooms are for children and members of the family. On the two diagonal walls linking the rooms, are seen grain storage units of various sizes , built of mud. A storage unit is never entered into. The conical top is closed once the dried grain is placed within and it is then locked.

15. JAWALI HOUSE These storage units stand out due to their shapes and the architectural composition of their forms. Many units within one house , perhaps due to the prosperity of the local farmers or their need to protect themselves from draught . The functional and sculptural storage units have two openings, the larger one near the top and the smaller one at the bottom.

16. JAWALI HOUSE The upper opening generally has a lockable shutter, lower opening is small and used for the daily quota of food grains. A cotton rag is used to plug it,the walls of the storage jars are 15 to 20cm thick, with stone or wood on base and the jars are propped up from the floor on fixed stilts. Replastered every year before new grains are stored . Hand made storage units are never identical, such variations of detail add to beauty of these mud houses and give them a highly personalized look within a generic order.

17. KHIDRAT HOUSE Khidrat is a small village situated 60km from Bikaner. Main Activity- Agriculture After the damaged caused by rain the houses are repaired and replastered with mud The village of Khidrat spreads over both sides of road with mud jhompus and three layer of thatch clearly being visible on one side and other with thin and country tile rectangular roofs .

18. KHIDRAT HOUSE The later type of house shows an early stage of contemporary house development. The older side of the village with its cluters of circular jhompas about 50 houses loosely positioned .

19. KHIDRAT HOUSE Three kinds of plan observed In larger houses inner courtyards for the people and outer courtyard for cattle In second category, the house are without the courtyard for animals . The animals rest outside the inner court wall. The third category of houses has two jhompas with ottas but without courtyards . The inside and outside of the house are strongly defined by an emphatic entrance. The most special element in these houses are the conical thatched roof.

20. In unbearable summer days the jhompas with its 3 layered thatched roof keep the inside environment cool. The materials used in making the thatch are the main twigs from jowar,bajara or millet from their agricultural production. The gates of these houses are generally made of natural logs . The log is often fixed to another similar forked one so they are locked together. These rough logs are about 15-20 cm in diameter and are heavy to lift, a large stone bowl filled with water is placed just outside the entrance and the roof is constructed with hay . KHIDRAT HOUSE

21. Typially each house has open courtyard around which 5-6 jhompas are posted. A low wall defines the court. The outer boundary walls are defined with weed hedges on vertical stone strips. Walls are mud plastered. The personal rooms are small where the courts are large the people built only to the minimum extent so they wasted very little . By scooping out depressions or adding projections they created little thick plastered niches which held oiled lamps for their deities . KHIDRAT HOUSE

22. In the village the caste system is very much prominent. Each sector of caste have their own specific dwellings inside the village. Brahmins stayed together but away from harijans and so on. The houses of lower caste people are comparatively well maintained. Better designed and maintained with paints. KHIDRAT HOUSE

23. GARIA LOHARS They are lohar (ironsmith) by profession who move on from one place on bullockcarts , Which in Hindi called gadi, hence the name “ Gadia Lohar”

24. GARIA LOHARS When they settle in one place for more than six months they generally make low walls of mud brick and then construct the roof of shack or pf plastic covering. When they live at a place for less than six months they do not construct any walls but they use plastic sheet for roof, supported by wooden poles. They also have tents when they do not live at a place more than a week. Those families which go from village to village in two or three days, do not construct any shelter but they live below carts itself.

25. Bhils Tucked at the foothills of the Aravallis , the compiles is spread across 70 acres, and houses 26 huts under natural surroundings. The Bhils are also skilled wall painters and their paintings , known as Mandno,can be seen on the walls on their houses and temples. Their important festival Baneshwar fair.

26. Bhil house -Typical Features An entrance without door shutter Mud and Clay walls which are sometimes coated with cow-dung. A window or two Dry grass roof White walls with some artistic drawings .

27. Special features: Desi-Technology The refrigeration hut The base is drilled through and through to let the heat from the earth escape, keeping the items inside cool. The walls of clay and cow-dung paste . (natural coolants) Roof - Conical shape to deflect the sun-rays to stock curd,buttermilk or any item needs refrigeration.

28. Vernacular Architecture of JAISALMAR

29. Jaisalmar Jaisalmar nicknamed "The Golden city", is a city in the  Indian state  of  Rajasthan , located 575 kilometres (357 mi) west of the state capital  Jaipur . The town stands on a ridge of yellowish sandstone and is crowned by the ancient  Jaisalmer Fort

30. Jaisalmar Traditional Houses People of Jaisalma live in fort . Now many houses has been converted to shops. They use the golden stone for construction. Don’t use any mortar, they make bond by using scissors in between the golden stones. The golden stone is a soft stone, hence very nice carvings could be done over it. Climate and vegetation Tropical Desert Climate Summer-March to September (35-40 ℃) Winter-October to February (4-28 ℃) Rainfall: The region is drained by very scanty rainfall during the monsoon season compare to eastern states of India. Raincrops : Bajra, Jawar,Motif , til etc. Spring crops of Wheat, Barely are very rare.

31. Patwon ki Haveli The Patwon ki Haveli is an interesting piece of Architecture and is most important among the havelis in Jaisalmar. It was the first erected in Jaisalmar in 1805 by Guman Chad Patwa and it is not a single haveli but a cluster of 5 small havelis. It is belived that Patwa was a rich man and renowened trader of his time. He could afford and thus ordered the construction of separate storis for each of his 5 sons.

32. Patwon ki Haveli The Patwon ki Haveli is an interesting piece of Architecture and is most important among the havelis in Jaisalmar. It was the first erected in Jaisalmar in 1805 by Guman Chad Patwa and it is not a single haveli but a cluster of 5 small havelis. It is believed that Patwa was a rich man and renowned trader of his time. He could afford and thus ordered the construction of separate stories for each of his 5 sons.

33. Entrance of Patwon ki Haveli Rich carved doors,Windows , Pillars and Balconies on entrance. They store food for camel in basement Courtyard Window Entrance

34. Rooms of Patwon ki Haveli Drawing room Common courtyard Bedroom(female) with dressing rrom attached Bedroom(male) with dressing rrom attached Music room Game Zone Dining room Kitchen Utility area

35. Sheesh Mahal of Patwon ki Haveli Walls and ceiling are decorated with glass and paint. Beautiful paintings were also there, Drawing Room Music Room

36. Kitchen of Patwon ki Haveli Preparation Area Water storage Access to Utility area

37. Game zone

38. Game zone Decorated ceiling Small holes to let hot air out

39. Ceilings

40. Shops in fort