Veterinary Anatomy of Cardiovascular system and specie difference between different species

Veterinary Anatomy of Cardiovascular system and specie difference between different species

1. Cardiovascular System
By
Sir Usman Mirza
Veterinary Anatomy-II

2. Learning Outcomes


•Describe the structure of pericardium
•Describe the shape, location and relations of heart
•Describe the arrangement of vessels cranial to the heart
•Draw arterial tree with aorta as a starting point
•Describe fetal circulation

5. PERICARDIUM

•Outer fibrous (covered with mediastinal pleura)

•Inner serous
• parietal serous pericardium
• visceral serous pericardium (epicardium)

•Pericardial space/sac
• space between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
• filled with pericardial fluid

7. Pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal Serous Pericardium
Visceral Serous Pericardium
Pericardial Cavity

8. HEART
•Location & Position
•Base, Body & Apex
•2 Atria & Ventricles
• Atrioventricular & Interventricular grooves

9. Orientation & Location

10. 2
nd
To 6
th
ICS

11. •Long Axis Less oblique in ox

12. Coronary Groove
(Interrupted at the origin
of pulmonary trunk)
Left interventricular
paraconal groove

13. Right interventricular
subsinuosal groove

15. Right Atrium
Caudal Vena Cava
Cranial Vena Cava
Fossa Ovalis
Limbus Fossae Ovalis
Intervenous
Tubercle
Azygous Vein
Crista Terminalis
Sinus venarum
cavarum
Right Auricle
Right AV Orifice

16. Right Ventricle
•Ventral and Cranial to the left one
•Pulmonary Ostium
•Supraventricular crest
•Papillary muscles
•Chordae tendineae
•Trabeculae carneae
•Trabecula septomarginalis

Pulmonary Trunk
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae

17. Left Vetricle
•Conical shape

•Forms Apex of Heart

•Aortic Orifice

•Thick wall

•Interventricular Septum

•Membranous Part: Proximal
•Muscular Part

18. Atrioventricular Valves
•Prevent blood from returning back to Atria
during Systole
•Irregular, Serrated Cusps

•Right AV valve (Tricuspid in Humans)
•Septal & Parietal Cusp
•Small secondary Cusps

• Tricuspid Area :

•Cusps
•Chordae tendineae
Angular
Septal
Parietal

19. Left AV Valves (Bicuspid or Mitral)
•Similar to right one

•Chordae tendineae and papillary
muscles larger then in right

•Mitral area:

20. Aortic Valve
•Semilaur cusps at the base of
Aorta

•Right, Left & Septal

•Nodules

•Lunulae

•Aortic Sinuses : origin of Left &
Right Coronary Arteries

•Aortic Bulb: Widening at the
Base of Ascending Aorta formed
by Aortic Sinuses

21. Valve of Pulmonary Trunk
Similar to the Aortic Valves

Left, Right & Intermediate Cusps

23. Fibrous Base
Cardiac Skeleton: Fibrous tissue
containing some cartilage, separating
atrial and ventricular musculature

2 narrow fibrous rings surrounding each
Atrioventricular opening

2 Rings surrounding each arterial orifice

24. Surface Topography
•Coronary Groove : Separation of Atria & Ventricles

•Interventricular

•Paraconal Interventricular Groove, Left, ends
before reaching the Heart

•Subsinuosal Interventricular Groove , Right,

25. Blood Supply of the Heart
•Right and Left Coronary Arteries
•Right Coronary Artery
– smaller than Left
–Right aortic sinus
–Lying in the fat of coronary groove
–Supply Bulk of the outer wall of the right ventricle
–4 – 9 Ventricular Branches
–Accessory Right Coronary Artery

26. •Left Coronary Artery
–Circumflex and Paraconal Inerventricular Branches
–Sometimes a septal Branch
–Circumflex
•5 main ventricular branches
•Atrial branches
–Paraconal Interventricular Branch
•Left & Right Ventricular Branches
•Septal Branch

27. •CARDIAC VEINS:
–Great Coronary Vein & its Branches
–Dorsal Vein of the Left Ventricle
–Oblique Vein of the Left Atrium
–Middle cardiac vein
–Right Cardiac Veins
–Small cardiac veins

28. Conduction System Of Heart

30. Arteries of the Pulmonary Circulation
•Pulmonary trunk
•Left and right Pulmonary Arteries
•Branches of Above
•Capillary Bed
•Pulmonary Veins

31. Arteries of the Systemic Circulation
•Ascending Aorta
•Aortic Arch
•Descending Aorta
–Thoracic Aorta & its Branches
–Abdominal Aorta & its Branches
•Cranial Branches of the Aortic Arch
–Brachiocephalic Trunk & its Branches

33. Blood Vessels
•Brachiocephalic Trunk
•Arises from aortic arch
–Thoracic limb
–Neck
–Head
–Ventral portion of thorax
–Give origin to left and right subclavian arteries, Bicarotid trunk

34. •Subclavian artery
–Forelimb, neck, cranial and ventral thorax
–

35. •Bicarotid Trunk
–Arises from brachiocephalic trunk
–Branch into left and right common carotid arteries

36. •Thoracic Aorta

37. •Abdominal Aorta
•Enters into the abdominal region through aortic hiatus

38. Principal artery of the Hind
limb
Pelvic Viscera & Walls of
pelvic cavity
Equines it may arise from left
or right internal iliac a.