Vials & Ampoules - preparation of medicines

Vials & Ampoules - preparation of injectable medicines from vials and ampoules, difference between vials and ampoules. For Nursing students, healthcare, and pharmaceutical purposes. Also includes pictures of how to prepare medicines from vial and ampoules separately

1. VIALS & AMPOULES

2. Parenteral Administration Parenteral means administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract . Medications administered by the parenteral route enter the body tissues and the circulatory system by injection . Injected medications are more quickly absorbed than oral medications; and parenteral routes are used when patients are vomiting, cannot swallow, and / or are restricted from taking oral fluids.

3. Vessels for injection Vessels for injection drugs are subdivided into 2 groups: for single-use, containing a fixed amount of a drug intended for single- pass injection (ampoules, capusles , syringes-ampoules ) multidosed , providing an opportunity of multiple takeoff for fixed amount of a preparation from a vessel not breaking its sterility (bottles, vials, containers).

4. Ampoules Ampules are  made from thin, medical-grade glass tubing and are manufactured as sterile containers for specific medications, many of which are incompatible with the rubber or PVC components found in most vials.

5. Ampoules Ampules contain single doses of injectable medication in a liquid form and are available in sizes from 1 to 10 mL or more . An ampule is made of glass with a constricted, pre-scored neck that is snapped off to allow access to the medication . A colored ring around the neck indicates where the ampule is pre-scored to be broken easily . Medication is easily withdrawn from the ampule by aspirating with a filter needle & syringe . Filter needles must be used when preparing medications from a glass ampule to prevent glass particles from being drawn into the syringe Do not use the filter needle to administer the medication.

6. Vials Vial is a glass bottle with a self sealing stopper through which the medication is removed. For safety in transporting and storing, the single-dose rubber capped vial is usually covered with a soft metal cap that can be removed easily. The rubber stopper that is then exposed is the means of entrance into the vial.

7. Vials Some drugs are dispensed in vials that contain several doses. To prevent microbial growth in the vial, each multidose vial is usually good for only 24 hours. Label the vial with the time and date when first used . After the initial use of the multidose vial, wipe the rubber stopper with alcohol each time of use. To facilitate removal of medication, inject air into the vial. The amount of air injected into the vial is the same amount as the desired quantity of solution

8. PREPARING MEDICINES FROM  AMPOULES & VIALS

9. Preparing medicines from   ampoules & Vials Verifying the label against the medication order Performing correct pharmacy calculations to determine type, size, and number of supply items needed Gathering and cleaning of supplies Performing aseptic garbing and hand washing D onning a sterile gown

10. Preparing medicines from  ampoules C leansing hands with sterile hand sanitizer Donning sterile gloves Cleaning the hood  of ampoule P ick up the ampule and gently tap or swirl the container Swab the neck of the ampule Prepare the syringe Hold the body of the ampule firmly but gently in your nondominant hand

11. Preparing medicines from  ampoules Always snap the ampule away from you Uncap the needle and insert the needle into the ampule. Avoid touching the rim with the needle. Invert the ampule, insert the needle into the solution and aspirate. Remove the air bubbles from syringe by tapping the syringe.

12. qszugblqdgudwgqddwlq Vial based Preparations

13. Preparing medicines from  Vials To get prepared: Gather your supplies: medicine vial, syringe, alcohol pad, sharps container. Make sure you are working in a clean area. Wash your hands

14. Preparing medicines from Vials Carefully check your medicine: Check the label. Make sure you have the right medicine. Check the date on the vial. Do not use medicine that is out of date . You may have a multi-dose vial. Or you may have a vial with powder that you mix with liquid. Read or ask about instructions if you have to mix your medicine. If you will use the medicine more than once, write the date on the vial so you remember when you opened it. Look at the medicine in the vial. Check for a change in color, small pieces floating in the liquid, cloudiness, or any other changes

15. Preparing medicines from Vials Prepare your medicine vial: If this is your first time using this medicine, take the cap off the vial. Wipe the rubber top clean with an alcohol pad

16. Preparing medicines from Vials Filling the Syringe With Medicine Hold the syringe in your hand like a pencil, with the needle pointed up. With the cap still on, pull back the plunger to the line on your syringe for your dose. This fills the syringe with air. Insert the needle into the rubber top. Do not touch or bend the needle .

17. Preparing medicines from Vials Push the air into the vial. This keeps a vacuum from forming. If you put in too little air, you will find it hard to draw out the medicine. If you put in too much air, the medicine may be forced out of the syringe. Turn the vial upside down and hold it up in the air. Keep the needle tip in the medicine. Pull back the plunger to the line on your syringe for your dose. For example, if you need 1 cc of medicine, pull the plunger to the line marked 1 cc on the syringe.

18. Preparing medicines from Vials To remove air bubbles from the syringe: Keep the syringe tip in the medicine. Tap the syringe with your finger to move air bubbles to the top. Then push gently on the plunger to push the air bubbles back into the vial. If you have a lot of bubbles, push the plunger to push all the medicine back into the vial. Draw medicine out again slowly and tap air bubbles out. Double check that you still have the right amount of medicine drawn up. Remove the syringe from the vial and keep the needle clean. If you plan to put the syringe down, put the cover back on the needle.