VIBRIO CHOLARAE - [Medical bacteriology ]

Medical bacteriology

1. VIVEKANANDHA
ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
Veerachipalayam, sankari, salem Tamilnadu
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SUBJECT:MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY
TOPIC: VIBRIO CHOLARAE
SUBJECT INCHARGE: SUBMITTED BY:
DR. R. MYTHILI RAVICHANDRAN JAYAPRIYA MANIKANDAN
Head of the Department, III-BSC Microbiology,
Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology,
Viaas, sankari . Viaas, sankari.

2. VIBRIO CHOLERAE
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History
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Pathogenesis
Laboratory Diagnosis

4. Microscopic Examination
Cultural studies
Treatment

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Vibrio cholerae Was first described by Felix Archimede
Pouchet in 1849 as some kind of protozoa
Fillippo Pacini correctly identified it as a bacterium and
from him the scientific name is adopted
The bacterium as the cause of cholera was discovered
by Robert koch in 1884

6. Sambhu Nath De isolate the cholera toxin and demonstrated the toxin as
the cause of cholera in 1959

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Gram negative bacteria
Rigid, curved rods that are actively
motile
Comma shaped
Sheathed, polar flagellum
About 1.5* 0.2-0.4 ul in size

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They are aerobics facultative
anaerobes growing well in the temperature
of 37 degree C and in the Ph of 7.4-9.6

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Nutrient Agar Medium
Macconkey Agar Medium
Blood Agar Medium
Gelatin Stab Culture

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Transport Media
1.VR medium
2.Bile peptone
3.Cary blair medium
Enrichment Media
1.Alkaline peptone water

12. 2. Monsure’s medium
Plating media
1.Alkaline bile salt agar medium
2.Monsure’s gelatine taurcholate trypticase tellurite agar
medium
3.Thiosulphate citrate bile sucrose agar medium

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Nutrient Agar Medium
After overnight incubation round, moist,
Translucent, bluish colonies will be appear with 1-2 mm
size
Macconkey Agar
Colourless colonies will be form after that it will
Change to pink colour

14. Blood Agar Medium
A zone of green discoloration appears around the
colonies at first and later become clear
Gelatin Stab Culture
After three days of incubation a white line of growth
appears in the medium

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VENKATRAMAN – RAMAKRISHNA MEDIUM
1.This is an ideal transport medium
2.The organism will be viable in this medium for several
weeks without multiplication

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Alkaline Peptone Water
Rabid growth occurs in about 6 hours with formation
of thick surface pellicle

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Alkaline Bile Salt Agar Medium
It is a modified nutrient agar medium and the
colonies are similar that appears in the nutrient agar
medium

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•After 24 hours incubation small colonies will be formed with 1-2 mm
in and grayish colour with black centers
•The size will be increased to 3-4 mm after 48 hours of incubation

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•In the medium large colonies will be formed in yellow
color
•Later the yellow color will be changed to green color

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•Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease Cholera
•The disease is characterised by sudden effortless vomiting, profuse rice water stool
followed by rapid dehydration
•Infection occurs in humans via oral route by ingestion of contaminated food or water
•Incubation period is 6 hours to 3 days
•The ingested micro organism reaches to the stomach and the multiplication occurs in the
small intestine
•After the growth and multiplication it starts to produce toxins namely “cholera toxin “ or
“cholera enterotoxin “ or “choleragen “

21. •This toxins cause the hyper secretion of glands in the intestine and
resulting in large amount of intestinal lumens
•The toxin also increases the capillary permeability leading to edema.
•On the same hand it produces proteolytic enzymes which help the
organism to penetrate the covering of GI tract and causes the diarrheal
disease among humans.
•The stools are rich water similar which containing mucous, epithelial cells
and large number of vibrio's.
•The massive loss of electrolyte from the body leads to metabolic acidosis ,
muscle cramps, anuria , acute tubular necrosis, shock and some times
death.
•The disease may last for 4-5 days with an average fluid loss of 15- 20 liters
per day

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•Hematological Investigations:
no significant abnormalities
•Bacteriological examination:
1.Microscopic examination
2.Cultural studies
3.Biochemical test
4.Slide agglutination test

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• Under the microscope can observe gram negative comma
shaped bacilli

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•Ordinary media, transport media and enrichment
media can be use for the culture studies
•In a macconkeys medium pale colour colonies will
developed
•In Mansur medium colonies will be formed with black
centers

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•Sugar fermentation test: fermentation of glucose, sucrose and maltose will
occur with the production of gas
•Nitrate reduction test: positive
•Iodole test: positive
•Catalase test: positive
•Oxidase test: positive
•Motility test: positive

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•The specimen from a selective media is placed on a
microscopic slide and add a drop of normal salune
over that and then observe under microscope after
adding one drop of antiserum over the floor
•Presence of clumps indicates the positive test

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•Oral Rehydration Therapy
The most important treatment for cholera is rehydration therapy to
replace fluids lost through diarrhea and vomiting

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