VICTOR ABONGO PPT. pptx

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1. EFFECTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS ON CREATININE LEVELS ON HIV PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY AT JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL. VICTOR ABONGO GORO BMLS/001J/2014 SUPERVISOR DR. VICTOR JEZA

2. INTRODUCTION Kidney diseases are considered as the most cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients and Up to 30% of HIV infected patients do not have normal renal function and this has led to increased progression and death of HIV patients ( Phair & Palella , 2011 ) Antiretroviral drugs is a group of drugs that is majorly used to treat retroviral infections especially in HIV infections.

3. CONT’N These drugs have been used to increase longevity of the infected persons. According to WHO ARVs drugs has been used to prevent the transmission of HIV for over along time.(WHO, 2011, p. 7 ) Unfortunately these drugs has brought a major concern to the normal functioning of the kidney. To check for the functioning of the kidney, different parameters are used i.e. urea, creatinine and creatinine clearance rates Creatinine which is a waste product produced at a constant rate from the metabolism of creatine phosphate in the muscles and filtered out the blood by the kidneys.

4. CONT”N Due to its filtration from the blood by the kidney, it is used as a parameter of renal function. From the use of these drugs, the study will be to determine whether there is a change in creatinine level among the HIV patients on antiretroviral drugs at JOOTRH

5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS Is there any change in creatinine levels in HIV patients on ARVs in JOOTRH? What are the relationship between levels of creatinine in men and females on ARVs in JOOTRH?

6. OBJECTIVES General objectives To determine if there are differences in serum creatinine levels in HIV patients on ARVs and the normal ranges. Specific objectives To determine if there are any changes in creatinine levels in HIV patients on ARVs in JOOTRH. To determine the correlation between creatinine levels in .HIV males and females patients on ARVs.

7. PROBLEM STATEMENT Use of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of HIV infections is a threat to the normal functioning of the kidney.

8. JUSTIFICATION According to WHO, use of antiretroviral are in HIV treatment is a major concern to the normal functioning of the kidney. Thus WHO recommends monitoring of creatinine levels before the start and during the period of usage of ARVs in treatment.( Yombi et al, 2015)

9. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study site The study area will be in JOOTRH laboratory. Study design Retrospective study design will be used. Study Population Study population will be HIV patients on ARVs at JOOTRH laboratory. JOOTRH is a referral hospital in Kisumu, Kisumu County, Kenya. Inclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria will be HIV patients on ARVS at JOOTRH. Exclusion Criteria Exclusion criteria will be HIV patients not on ARVs.

10. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION AND SAMPLING Sample size determination will calculated using Fisher’s formula ( Charan & Biswas, 2013) n = Where; n is the desired sample size, z is the standard normal deviation, which corresponds to 95% confidence level ,(1.96) p is the proportion target population to have a particular characteristics, ( 10%) q is proportion in the population not having the particular characteristics ,(90%) d is degree of accuracy required usually set at (5%, 0.05 ) n = n= 138 Sampling Method Sampling method will be simple random sampling  

11. LABORATORY PROCEDURES This will be based on the procedure for getting the data on creatinine levels among HIV patients on antiretroviral drugs.

12. DATA MANAGEMENT Data collection Data collection will be from health records of creatinine levels of HIV patients on ARVs and recorded in Microsoft excel. Data analysis Data analysis will be based on measurement of central tendencies, excel analysis. Data presentation Data collected will be presented in tables.

13. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY According to this study there is no any limitations.

14. ETHICAL REVIEW Permission will sought from JOOTRH laboratory to get the creatinine results from the records to for confidentiality. Clearance from ethical board review will be sought from P wani U niversity Ethical Review B oard

15. BUDGET Item   Unit Unit cost Total(KSHS) Proposal editing and presentation     750 Printing and binding     2,500 Recording book 1 A4 200 PAGES @100 100 Transport       4,000 Internet Browsing       3,000 Ethical review cost     1,000 Pens 2 @30   60 Coordination       1,000     KSHS. 12,410

16. STUDY PLAN Activity May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Topic selection               Proposal writing               Proposal presentation               Data collection               Results compilation               Data analysis               Project writing               Project presentation              

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