video.pptx presentation for grade 11rjjdj

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1. Group 10 PRESENTATION

2. METAMORPHISM Is the transformation of existing rock with different mineral composition or texture. is the process by which rock undergo physical and chemical changes due to intense heat pressure or the presence of che-mically active fluids without the rock melting. This process transform the mineral composition and structure of theoriginal rocks, leading to the formation of metamorphic rocks.

3. EFFECTS OF METAMORPHISM Mineralogical: change minerals to reflect new P-T (equilibrium) conditions. Recrystallization: change of existing crystal size andshape to form layers (e.g., shale to schist), interlocking crystals (e.g., sandstone to quartzite). Recombination: Recombination of elements in pre-existing minerals to form stable new ones. Addition/subtraction of ions common when fluid is present.

4. Quartzite , a type of metamorphic rock

5. METAMORPHIC ROCK Metamorphic rocks started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form. Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors.

6. EXAMPLES OF METAMORPIC ROCKS

7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

8. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Intrusive rock  is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.

9. Extrusive igneous rocks Extrusive rock refers to the mode of  igneous   volcanic rock  formation in which hot  magma  from inside the  Earth  flows out (extrudes) onto the surface as  lava  or explodes violently into the  atmosphere  to fall back as  pyroclastics  or  tuff .  In contrast,  intrusive rock  refers to rocks formed by magma which cools below the surface.

10. EXAMPLE Igneous rocks

11. Rocks experience different types of stress, which affect their deformation and eventual fracturing.

12. The three main types of stress that rocks undergo are: Compression Stress: Occurs when rocks are squeezed or pushed togethe.Causes rocks to fold or fracture. This is commonly found at convergent plate boundaries where tectonic plates are colliding.

13. Tensional Stress: Occurs when rocks are pulled apart or stretched.Leads to the lengthening and thinning of rocks, often resulting in normal faults. This type of stress is typically found at divergent plate boundaries.

14. Shear Stress: Occurs when forces act parallel but in opposite directions, sliding past each other.Causes rocks to distort or become displaced horizontally. This stress is commonly observed at transform plate boundaries, such as the San Andreas Fault.

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