Vinay nervous system ppt. For mbbs practical

Mbbs

1. KARAGANDA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MORPHOLOGY
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NERVOUS
SYSTEM
COMPILED BY –VINAY DADHICH

2. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM

3. INTRODUCTION
•The nervous system controls and coordinates body functions.
•It processes sensory information and responds accordingly.
•Maintains communication between different parts of the body.

4. DIVISIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord.
•Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves outside CNS.
•Works together for coordination of activities.

5. CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
•Includes brain and spinal
cord.
•Acts as main control
center.
•Integrates sensory input
and motor output.

6. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Connects CNS to rest of the body.
•Includes cranial and spinal nerves.
•Divided into somatic and autonomic systems.

7. BRAIN OVERVIEW
•Largest and most complex organ.
•Controls thought, memory, and emotions.
•Regulates voluntary and involuntary functions.

8. CEREBRUM
•Largest part of the brain.
•Responsible for reasoning
and decision-making.
•Controls sensory
perception and motor
actions.

9. CEREBELLUM
•Located at the back of the brain.
•Coordinates movement and posture.
•Helps maintain balance and motor learning.

10. BRAINSTEM
•Includes midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
•Controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
•Acts as pathway between brain and spinal cord.

11. SPINAL CORD
•Runs through vertebral column.
•Transmits signals between brain and body.
•Controls reflex actions.

12. NEURON STRUCTURE
•Basic structural and functional unit of nervous system.
•Consists of cell body, dendrites, and axon.
•Specialized to transmit electrical signals.

14. TYPES OF NEURONS
•Sensory neurons: transmit signals to CNS.
•Motor neurons: transmit commands to muscles.
•Interneurons: connect sensory and motor pathways.

15. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
•Support and protect neurons.
•Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and
microglia in CNS.
•Schwann cells and satellite cells in
PNS.

16. NERVE IMPULSE
•Generated by action potential.
•Travels along the axon as an electrical signal.
•Ensures rapid communication between cells.

17. SYNAPSE
•Junction between two neurons.
•Transmits signals via neurotransmitters.
•Can be excitatory or inhibitory.

18. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements.
•Includes reflex actions.
•Uses sensory and motor pathways.

19. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and digestion.
•Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
•Maintains homeostasis in the body.

20. SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Prepares body for 'fight or flight'.
•Increases heart rate and blood pressure.
•Dilates pupils and airways.

21. PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Responsible for 'rest and digest' functions.
•Slows heart rate and promotes digestion.
•Conserves and restores body energy.

22. FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Sensory input: receives information from environment.
•Integration: processes and interprets sensory data.
•Motor output: responds with appropriate actions.

23. DISORDERS OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Stroke: interruption of
blood supply to brain.
•Epilepsy: abnormal
electrical activity in brain.
•Alzheimer’s disease:
progressive memory loss.