vinca and belladonna - alkaloid source,constituents,uses

vinca, belladonna - alkaloid V th semester

1. Alkaloids VINCA

2. SYNONYM Catharanthus Periwinkle SOURCE Whole plant of Catharanthus roseus , family – Apocynacea .

3. Chemical constituents indole lkaloids – vinristine and vinblastine Vinblastine indole alkaloid part – catharanthine dihydro indole alkaloid part – vindoline Other alkaloids – ajmalicine , lochnerine , serpentine and tetra hydroalstonine 500 g of drug to get 1 g of vincristine ( costly)

4. Uses For extraction of vincristine and vinblastine Vincristine sulphate – anti neoplastic agent that arrests mitosis at metaphase, used in hodgkins disease treatment, reticular cell sarcoma in adults, given iv in acute leukaemia in children. Vinblastine sulphate - anti neoplastic agent that arrests mitosis at metaphase or by interfering with amino acid mtabolism , s upresses immune system, used in hodgkins disease treatment other lymphomas and choriocarcinoma . Exhibits anti diabetic and hypotensive actions.

5. BELADONNA

6. SYNONYM Deadly night shade leaves SOURCE Dried leaves of and other aerial parts of Atropa belladonna or Atropa acuminata or mixture of both species collected when the plants are in flowering condition, family – Solanaceae .

7. Chemical constituents Main alkaloids are l- hyoscyamine and its racemic form atropine. The drug also contain belladonine , scopoletin , hyoscine , pyridine and N- methyl pyrroline .

8. USES Parasympatholytic drug with anticholinergic properties. Reduces secretions such as sweat, saliva and gastric juice and reduces spasm. Used as antidote in opium and chloral hydrate poisoning.

9. Adulterants and substitutes Solanum nigrum , Phytolacca americana , Ailanthus glandulosa