vinca ppt. by pritypriya pharmacognosy 4

complete pharmacognostical study of vinca or catharanthus

1. PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDY OF VINCA BY :- PRITY PRIYA (B-PHARM) KINPMS BIHAR

2. SYNONYMS :- Catharanthus ,Vinca Minor , Periwrinkl , Vinca Rosea , Barmasi BIOLOGICAL SOURCES :- It is dried whole plant of Catharanthus roseus Linn. FAMILY :- Apocynaceae Geographical Sources :- It is indigenous to Madagascar and is found in many tropical and subtropical countries especially in India ,Australia ,South Africa and North and South America ,Europe . The plant is cultivated as garden plant in Europe and India.

3. MORPHOLOGY :- Appearances – Plant is an evergreen ,erect herb about onemeter high and woody at the base Leaves – Simple ,opposite decussate , olong , petiolate ,acute base ,rounded apex ,entire margin , glabrous ,green ,shiny ,reticulate venation with slight odour and bitter taste Flower - Axillary , occour in three different colour – pink ,white or violet ,complete ,bisexual ,pedicellate ,bracteate , actini -morphic and hypogynous. Roots – Tap root ,branched ,yellowish white . Stem - Erect ,cylindrical ,branched ,solid ,reddish green , glabrous . Fruit - Follicle contains many seeds. Colour – Vincaleaves are green incolour . Odour – Characteristics Taste – Bitter Shape – Ovate or oblong

4. CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION :- The plant is perennial and retains its glossy leaves throughout the winter . The plant prefers light , medium and heavy soils and can grow in heavy clay soil. The plant prefers acids , neutral and basic soils. It can grow in full shade , semi shade (lightwood land )or no shade . It requires dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought . It is cultivated either by directly sowing the seeds or sowing the seeds in nursery . Nursery sowing method is found to be economical and the fresh seeds are sown in nursery in the month of February –March . The seedlings attain a height of 5-8 cm after two months and then they are transplanted into the field at a distance of 45 cm ×30 cm . Proper fertilization and weeding is done timely and leaves are stripped after nine months. In collection , the stems are first cut about 10 cm above the grounds and the leaves ,seeds ,stems are separated and dried . The roots are collected by plugging which are later washed and dried under shade and packed .

5. MICROSCOPY CHARACTERS :- Vinca has dorsiventral leaf structure . Epidermis is a single layer of rectangular cells covered with thick cuticle . It consists of uni cellular covering trichome and cruciferous stomata . In the mesophyll region ingle layer of elongated and closely packed palisade parenchyma cells are present just below the upper epidermis. In the midrib region 2 to 3 layers of collenchyma is present , both below the upper epidermis and above the lower epidermis . Vascular bundles consisting of xylem and phloem is present in the middle of midrib region and rest of the intercellor space is covered by five to eight layers of spongy parenchyma . Calcium oxalate crystals are absent .

6. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS :- Alkaloids are present in entire shrub but leaves and roots contain more alkaloids . About 90 alkaloids have been isolated from vinca from which some like Ajmalicine ,Serpentine and Tetrahydroalstonine are known and are present in other species of Apocynaceae . The important alkaloids in Catharanthus are the dimer indole indoline alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine and they possess definite anti-cancer activity . It also contains mono terpenes , sesqui terpenes ,indole and indoline glycoside . ALLIED DRUGS :- C.longifolius C. trichophyllus C. lanceus

7. ADULTERANTS :- C.Roseus can be adulterated with other roots , such as Solanum melongena and Lycopersicon esculentum . Other potential adulterant is leaves from primula vulgaris Huds . USES :- It is used for overcoming chronic constipation in grown persons. The drugis also used as anti-diabetic . Ajalicine is used as hypotensive agents and isolated rom roots . Anti – neoplastics alkaloids , vinblastine and vincristine are obtained from Catharanthus ,But in very low percentage . The flower of it is purgative in nature , But lose their effect on drying .

8. It is used as gargle in scurvy , sore throat and inflamed tonsils For bleeding piles ; itb may be applied externally as well as taken internally . Vinca is used in herbal practice in menorrhagia and in haemorrhages generally . Vincristine sulphate is used to treat the leukaemia in children. Vinblastine sulphate io employed to cure Hodgkin’s disease and chlorionepithellioma .

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