Virtualization_Structures_Tools_Mechanisms.pptx

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1. Virtualization Structures, Tools, and Mechanisms Understanding Hypervisors, Paravirtualization, and Host-Based Virtualization Presented by: [Your Name] Date: [Presentation Date]

2. Introduction to Virtualization • Virtualization is the creation of a virtual version of something, such as hardware platforms, storage devices, or network resources. • Purpose: Run multiple OS on a single machine. • Benefits: - Efficient resource management - Cost reduction - Scalability - Isolation and security

3. Types of Virtualization Architectures 1. Hypervisor-Based Virtualization: - Runs directly on hardware (bare-metal). - Manages guest OS. 2. Host-Based Virtualization: - Runs on top of a host OS. - Uses host OS resources. 3. Paravirtualization: - Guest OS modified to interact with hypervisor. - Reduces overhead.

4. Hypervisor-Based Virtualization • A hypervisor allows multiple OS to share a single hardware host. • Types: - Type 1 (Bare-Metal): e.g., VMware ESXi, Xen - Type 2 (Hosted): e.g., VMware Workstation • Functions: - Resource allocation - Isolation - Security

5. Xen Architecture • Open-source Type 1 hypervisor. • Supports paravirtualization & hardware-assisted virtualization. • Components: - Xen Hypervisor (runs on hardware) - Domain 0 (Dom0): Privileged - Domain U (DomU): Guest VMs

6. Host-Based Virtualization • Virtualization on top of a host OS. • Advantages: - Easy setup - Uses host OS drivers/services • Disadvantages: - Performance overhead - Less efficient

7. Full Virtualization with Binary Translation • Emulates complete hardware to run unmodified OS. • Mechanism: - Non-critical instructions run natively - Critical instructions trapped/emulated • Example: VMware

8. Paravirtualization • Guest OS is modified to use hypercalls. • Benefits: - Reduced overhead - Better performance • Challenges: - Requires OS modification - Limited support for proprietary OS

9. KVM (Kernel-Based Virtual Machine) • Linux kernel module for virtualization. • Uses hardware-assisted virtualization. • Features: - Leverages Linux kernel - Supports unmodified OS • Use Cases: OpenStack, cloud

10. VMware ESX Architecture • Type 1 hypervisor for enterprise. • Components: - VMkernel: Core hypervisor - Service Console: Mgmt interface (removed in ESXi) • Robust and widely used

11. Comparative Analysis • Hypervisor-Based vs. Host-Based: - Performance: Hypervisor > Host-Based - Complexity: Hypervisor > Host-Based • Paravirtualization vs. Full Virtualization: - Performance: Para > Full - Compatibility: Full > Para

12. Conclusion • Virtualization improves resource use and isolation. • Technique choice depends on performance and compatibility. • Future Trends: - Containers - Hardware-assisted virtualization