vitalsigns procedure-230823152325-2ac4d752.pptx

nursing procedure

1. GOOD MORNING

2. Temperature, pulse & respiration PREPARED BY: Tulsi DhiDhi M. Sc. Nursing final year

3. TEMPERATURE PULSE RESPIRATION

4. TEMPERATURE Measurement of the balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body. Temperature of body is measured by thermometer. There are two types of body temperature: Core temperature. Surface temperature.

5. CORE TEMPERATURE: It is the temperature of internal organs and it remains constant most of the time ( 37degree C) Range-36.5 to 37.5. SURFACE TEMPERATURE: It is the temperature of skin, subcutaneous tissue and fat cells and it rise and falls in response to the environment. Range- 20 to 40 It doesn’t indicate internal physiology.

6. PARAMETERS VALUES NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE Normal-37 C or 98.6 F Range-36C-38C or 96.8-100 F PYREXIA Above 38C-41C or 100.4 F- 105.8 F HYPERPYREXIA Above 105.8 F HYPOTHERMIA Between 34C-35C

7. FACTORS AFFECTING BODY TEMPERATURE 1.Age: Infants have approx. 0.5 degree more temp than adults. 2.Exercise: body temperature increases with exercise. 3.Hormones: eg - ovulation. 4.Stress: sympathetic nervous system stimulation. 5.Environment: extremes in temperature.

8. SITES TO MEASURE BODY TEMPERATURE TYMPANIC (EAR)

9. PULSE A wave of blood flow created by contractions of the heart; The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle of the heart to the artery being assessed. Pulse is checked by; palpating - to feel OR Auscultation - listening for sounds

10. SITES OF PULSE

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF PULSE Rhythm :-pattern of heartbeats(regularity) the length of the time between beats should be same. Rate : number of heart beats per minute. Volume :- amount of blood pumped with each beat. Arterial wall elasticity :- the artery wall should feel soft and flexible under the fingers.

12. NORMAL RANGE OF PULSE AGE PULSE/HEART RATE Newborn 100-170 beats per min 1 year 80-170 beats per min Children 70-110 beats per min Adult 60-100 beats per min Tachycardia: a pulse rate of more than 100 beats per min. Bradycardia: a pulse rate of less than 60 beats per min.

13. PROCEDURE FOR TAKING PULSE Place tips of 3 fingers other than thumb lightly over pulse site. Thumb is not used for assessing pulse as it has its own pulse which can be mistaken for patients pulse. Do not press the artery with more force. After getting the pulse regularity, count the pulse for 1 minute looking at the second hand on the wrist watch. Assess the rate, rhythm, and volume of pulse and condition of blood vessels.

14. FACTORS AFFECTING PULSE AGE: very old person have slow pulse rate and children have faster pulse rate. S E X: Females have a slightly higher pulse than males. EMOTIONS: Anger or excitement increases the pulse rate temporally. FEVER: When body temperature is elevated, the pulse rate usually increases as well. BLOOD PRESSURE: When the blood pressure decreases, pulse rate may increase to increase blood flow. DRUGS: Stimulant drugs increase the pulse rate and depressant drugs decrease the pulse rate. HEMORRHAGE: Loss of blood increases pulse rate because of demand of oxygen.

15. RESPIRATION Respiration is the movement of oxygen of from the outside environment to the cells within the tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction that’s the environment. Respiration involves two processes: 1. Internal respiration 2. External respiration

16. 1. Internal respiration ( occurs in the metabolizing tissues, where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells). 2. External respiration ( occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air ).

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPIRATION 1 RATE: It indicates the number of times the person breathes in and out in one minute. 2 DEPTH: it is estimated by observing the movement of chest during inspiration, which may be deep or shallow. 3 RHYTHM: it indicates the equal interval between two respiration.

18. NORMAL RANGE OF RESPIRATION

19. HOW TO TAKE RESPIRATORY RATE Place the patient arm in relaxed position across his abdomen and place your hand on the patients arm. N ow observe complete respiratory cycle (Inspiration+Expiration).

20. THANK YOU