Vitamin k deficiency disease

Vitamin k deficiency disease

1. PREPARED BY, Mrs. Rijo Lijo Lecturer VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY DISORDERS

2. Vitamin K plays a key role in helping the blood clot, preventing excessive bleeding. INTRODUCTION

3. FUNCTIONS OF VIT – K. It plays a role in blood clotting. bone metabolism. regulating blood calcium levels.

4. VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY Vitamin k deficiency: Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is a bleeding problem that occurs in some newborns during the first few days of life. VKDB was previously called hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

5. ETIOLOGY insufficient dietary intake. inadequate absorption. decreased storage of the vitamin due to liver disease. decreased production in the intestines.

6. TYPES OF VITAMIN K Vitamin K1 ( phylloquinone or phytomenadione ). Vitamin K2 ( menaquinones ). Vitamin k3 ( Menadione ).

7. Vitamin K1 ( phylloquinone or phytomenadione ): It is the natural from of vitamin K that comes from foods, especially green leafy vegetables but also dairy products and vegetable oils.  K1 is considered as the "plant form" of vitamin K, but it is also produced commercially to treat some conditions associated with excess bleeding.

8. Vitamin K2 ( menaquinones ): It is made by bacteria, the normal flora in the intestines. Bacteria in the intestines can also convert K1 into K2. Vitamin K2 supplements K1 from the diet to meet the body's requirements. Menaquinone is also present in animal origin foods like: Meat especially liver Cheese.

9. Menadione : It is a non-natural, man-made chemical compound that is used in some countries as a nutritional supplement because of its vitamin K activity. It is sometimes called K3. Menadione supplements are currently banned in the U.S. because of its potential toxicity in human use.

10. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Easy bruising. Oozing from nose or gums. Excessive bleeding from wounds, punctures, and injection or surgical sites. Heavy menstrual periods. Bleeding from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Blood in the urine and/or stool. Increased prothrombin time ( PT).

11. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection. Physical examination. Blood test : Prothrombin time, thrombin time, platelet count, platelet function tests and coagulation factor tests.

12. MANAGEMENT The treatment for vitamin K is the drug phytonadione , which is vitamin K1. The dosage for adults ranges from 1 to 25 milligrams (mg ). In infants, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that newborns get a single shot of 0.5 to 1 mg vitamin K1 at birth.

13. PREVENTION The VKDB is easily prevented by giving babies a vitamin K shot into a muscle in the thigh. One shot given just after birth will protect your baby from VKDB.