VOLATILE OIL- I D.Pharm ER-20:13T

Unit-IV

1. VOLATILE OIL
PRESENTED BY
M.NITHYA., B.PHARM,
LECTURER, ECOP.

2. CONTENT
Introduction
Classification of Volatile oil
Occurrence
Distribution
Isolation
Identification test
Therapeutic activity
Pharmaceutical application

3. INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION:
The Odorous, Volatile principles of plant and animal
origin which evaporate when exposed to air at ordinary
temperature.
Volatile oils are soluble in Alcohol, Ether and Practically
insoluble in Water.

4. TYPES OF VOLATILE OILS
TYPES EXAMPLES
Alcohol volatile oils Cardamom, Coriander,
Sandalwood
Aldehyde volatile oilsCinnamon, Lemon peel,
Lemon -grass
Ester volatile oils Lavender
Hydrocarbon volatile oils Turpentine, Black pepper
Phenolic ether volatile oils Fennel
Phenolicvolatile oils Clove

5. OCCURRENCE
FAMILY EXAMPLE
Lauraceae Cinnamon
Umbelliferae Fennel
Lamiaceae Lavenderoil
Zingiberaceae Ginger
BlackPepper Piperaceae

6. DISTRIBUTION
Petals –Rose Oil
Flowering tops-Lavender Oil
Bark –Cinnamon Oil
Buds –Clove Oil
Rhizomes-Ginger Oil
Seeds-Cardamom
Wood-Pine Oil

7. ISOLATION OF VOLATILE OILS
The following methods are available for the isolation of
volatile oils:
1. Extraction by Distillation:
Thedistillationiscarriedouteitherbywateror
steam.Thevolatileoilsfromfreshmaterialsare
separatedbyhydrodistillation,andvolatileoils
fromairdriedpartsareseparatedbysteam
distillation.

8. 2.EcuelleProcess:
Inthisprocess,therindsarerupturedmechanicallyusing
numerouspointedprojectionswitharotarymovementandtheoil
iscollected.
3.Enfleuragemethod:
Fatiswarmedat50
0
CInaglassplate.
Thesurfaceoftheplateiscoveredwithflowerpetalsanditis
allowedtobekeptuntilitbecomesaturatedwithoil.
Thenitisreplacedbynewpetals.
Finallythefatisdissolvedinalcohol&distilledtoremovethe
solvent.

9. IDENTIFICATION TEST FOR VOLATILE OILS
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Athin section of drug
is treated with alcoholic
solution of Sudan III.
Appearanceof red
colour.
Presence Of Volatile
Oil
2. Athin section of drug is
treated with a tincture of
alkane.
Appearanceof red
colour.
Presence Of Volatile
Oil

10. THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY &
PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF
VOLATILE OILS
1.Carminatives-E.g., Umbilliferous fruits
2.Antihelminitic-E.g., Chenopodium oil
3.Antiseptic-E.g., Eucalyptus
4.Local Anaesthetics-E.g., Clove
5.Local Irritant-E.g., Turpentine
6.Source of Vitamin A-E.g., Lemon grass
7.Insect Repellant-E.g., Citronella

11. Thank you