Volcano hazards

volcanic hazards

1. Volcano Hazards Jelo Hagos

2. Learning Competencies Interpret different volcano hazard maps; and 5. Apply appropriate measures/interventions before, during, and after a volcanic eruption. Explain various volcano-related hazards; Differentiate among different volcano hazards; Recognize signs of an impending volcanic eruption; Interpret different volcano hazard maps; and Apply appropriate measures/interventions before, during, and after a volcanic eruption.

3. Introduction A volcano is a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor , and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth’s crust.

4. Volcano hazards

5. Lahar Lahar is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments flowing down the slopes of a volcano and river valleys.

6. Ash fall Ash fall is a rain of airborne ash resulting f rom a volcanic eruption. It can have serious detrimental effects on agricultural crops and livestock depending mainly on ash thickness, the type and growing condition of a crop, the presence of soluble flouride on the ash, and timing and intensity of subsequent rainfall.

7. Pyroclastic flow Pyroclastic flow are heavier-than-air gas-particle emulsions that across the ground at velocities ranging from 10 m/sec to 300 m/sec. They can attain temperatures of over 1000 C.

8. Ballistic projectiles Ballistic projectiles are rocks that an erupting volcano may hurl into the air. These  blocks  and bombs travel like  cannon balls and usually land within 2km of the vent (but can travel as far as 5km, or even further, if the eruption is very  explosive .)

9. Volcanic gases Sulfur compounds, chlorine and fluorine react with water to form poisonous acids damaging to the eyes, skin and respiratory systems of animals even in very small concentrations.

10. Lava Flow It rarely threaten human life because lava usually moves slowly-a few centimeters a few centimeters per hour.

11. Different Volcanic Hazards

12. Subduction volcanoes They are located in the zones of the earth’s crust where one tectonic plate is thrust and consumed beneath another. They compromise about 80 % of the world’s active volcanoes and are the most explosive type characterized by a composite cone associated with multiple hazards.

13. Rift volcanoes It occur where tectonic plates diverge, effusive especially when they occur on the deep, ocean floor.

14. Hot spot volcanoes It exist in the middle of tectonic plates where a crustal weakness allows molten material to penetrate from the earth’s interior.

15. Hot spot volcanoes An example of a active hotspot in Hawaii. This hotspot has been around for millions of years and created the islands Hawaii, Maui, Oahu and Kauai.

16. Signs of an Impending Volcanic Eruption Increase of seismic activity. Deformation of volcano. Gases that come out of fumaroles . If plants nearby die suddenly, if the colour of any lakes or ponds nearby changes. Changes in thermal images of volcanic areas.

17. Volcano Hazard Maps

18. Volcano Hazard Maps

19. Appropriate Measures/ Interventions Before, During and After a Volcanic Eruption

20. Before a Volcanic Eruption Each one should be aware of the dangers that volcanic eruptions pose to lives and be prepared to face whatever circumstances the eruption may bring. Prepare all necessary things such as food, water, light sources, masks, and batteries to bring once evacuation is needed. Prioritize the safety of kids before other things.

21. During a Volcanic Eruption Avoid all low-lying place Seek cover in case of ash falls and rocks falls. Use masks and cover your mouth. Close all doors and windows. Always stays indoors/ evacuation center . Keep watchful eye on the kids

22. After a Volcanic Eruption Go back to your house but leave the kids. Clean everything around and check all the damages incurred. Use masks while cleaning ash and other debris. Wait for the further announcements. Make sure that your house is still safe for all of you.

23. Online references https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=volcano&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1vtPxv4ffAhXaZCsKHZKoBRIQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=qSMYbDN3wgxBNM : https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=lahar&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU9Ont3YffAhUabysKHfmqDVUQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=ljfVBNHl2FxLiM : https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=lahar&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU9Ont3YffAhUabysKHfmqDVUQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=Ou95skPHEDQRrM : https://www.google.com.ph/ search?biw =1366&bih=657&tbm= isch&sa =1&ei=C1IHXPKOB4u-9QPu0b-ABg&q= ash+fall&oq = ash+fall&gs_l =img.3..0l7j0i10j0l2.500688.503138..503799...0.0..0.235.1437.0j5j3......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i67.7bnWcpQ-T-o#imgrc=QcogF2SatXexMM : https://www.google.com.ph/ search?biw =1366&bih=657&tbm= isch&sa =1&ei=C1IHXPKOB4u-9QPu0b-ABg&q= ash+fall&oq = ash+fall&gs_l =img.3..0l7j0i10j0l2.500688.503138..503799...0.0..0.235.1437.0j5j3......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i67.7bnWcpQ-T-o#imgrc= XvZzGkZBNbRfGM : https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=pyroclastic+flow&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT6Lrw74ffAhXOfisKHc6qA0YQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=g1pGBvsuu8eEtM : https:// www.google.com.ph/search?q=ballistic+projectiles+of+volcano&hl=en-PH&authuser=0&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj6hOCU9IffAhUHdXAKHVjBBS0Q_AUICSgA&biw=1366&bih=608&dpr=1 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=volcanic+gases&hl=en-PH&authuser=0&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjZ1_L99IffAhWCjJAKHdOBAl4Q_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=_vKQaNE9IDmenM : https://www.google.com.ph/ search?hl = en-PH&authuser =0&biw=1366&bih=608&tbm= isch&sa =1&ei=91wHXOXrE5L8wQP-l4KADQ&q= lava+flow&oq =lava+& gs_l =img.1.0.0i67j0l2j0i67l2j0l2j0i67j0j0i67.460806.461641..462957...0.0..0.242.841.0j4j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.MHG-10RMDpk#imgrc=8kQLAtIWWXlzKM:

24. https://volcanoes-in-aus.weebly.com/hotspots-- volcanic-eruption-australia.html http:// morbidstreak.blogspot.com/2016/01/vancouver-vancouver-this-is-it-eruption.html https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=fumaroles&hl=en-PH&authuser=0&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_iOqPjIrfAhVYeysKHc4_BtQQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=FCj8CCZdI9PsrM : https://www.google.com.ph/ search?hl = en-PH&authuser =0&biw=1366&bih=608&tbm= isch&sa =1&ei=54IIXO7VN9WhyAPAuYrQDA&q= changing+color+of+lakes+by+volcano&oq = changing+color+of+lakes+by+volcano&gs_l =img.3...144805.149550..150618...0.0..0.292.4170.0j18j5......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i7i30j0i7i5i30j0i8i7i30.-QcT581hHO4#imgrc= QpmzsESxXLfoLM : https://www.google.com/search?q=Volcano+Hazard+map&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiu2NWU6tLfAhVFtI8KHfTgApAQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=SdlmAUipM9tVqM:

25. Book Reference Bagolong , S.P. et al (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High School. Mutya Publishing House , Inc.