Waste management and Sewage management.pptx

this presentation gives a highlight of sewage and waste management in an environment

1. WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SEWAGE MANAGEMENT

2. GROUP MEMBERS SIBONGIRE MKHALIPI MADALITSO CHAGULUKA OLIPA MASTALA CATHY CHIWALO ELIZA KALUBA

3. OBJECTIVES Definition of waste and sewage Definition of waste management and sewage management Waste management Sewage management

4. What is waste? Waste is unwanted or unusable material Waste is an item which people have no longer have any use for, which they intend to get lead of.

5. Definition of Waste Management I s the process of treating solid waste Is the collection, transportation, disposal or recycling and monitoring of waste Waste management is an industry which involves collecting and disposing of waste. It is also the generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual deposition of solid wastes.

6. Waste management Helps health care organizations to adopt sustainable strategies that optimize profitability without compromising quality of care. It improves safe guards that protects patients facility and reputation. it involves managing and reducing wastes from collection to disposal while recovering variable resources and creating clean renewable energy.

7. Solutions in waste management Landfill Disposal of wastes in a landfill involves burying wastes . It can a hygienic and relatively inexpensive if well designed and managed. Poorly managed landfills and open dumps can have adverse impacts in the environment like; wind blown litter, attraction of vermin(small animals that destructive and injurious to health e.g. cockroaches, mice and rats).

8. Cont.….. The most common product is gas composed of methane and carbon dioxide produced from anaerobic breakdown organic wastes. Many landfills have landfill gas extraction system whereby gas is pumped out using perforated pipes and flailed off or burnt in a gas engine to generate electricity.

9. Cont.….. 2. Incineration It’s a disposal method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residual and gaseous products. It is described as thermo treatment Incinerators convert waste materials into heat, steam, ash and gas.

10. Cont.… It is carried both on a small scale and large scale It is a practical method of disposing certain hazardous wastes like biological medical wastes

11. Cont.….. 3. Recycling It’s a resource recovery practice that refer to the collection and re use of waste materials such as empty beverage containers

12. Cont.….. 4. Sustainability Companies are encouraged to improve environmental efficiency by eliminating waste through resource recovery practices

13. Solutions cont.…… 5. Biological processes Recoverable organic materials such as plant material, food scraps and paper products can be recovered through compositing and digestion to decompose organic matter.

14. Cont.…. 6. energy recovery It is the conversion of non recyclable waste materials into usable heat, electricity or fuel through variety of processes like combustion and gasification It is called waste to energy

15. Cont ….. 7. Resource recovery It’s the systematic diversion of waste which was intended for disposal for a specific next use.

16. Cont.…. 8. Pyrolysis Is a process of thermo chemically decomposition of organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen which produces various hydrocarbon gases

17. Concepts of waste management Waste hierarchy It refers to the 3 R’s ; re use, reduce and recycle These 3 R’s classify waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization Its aim is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of wastes

18. Cont.….. 2. Life cycle of a product It begins with design, then precedes through manufacture, distribution, use and then follows through the waste hierarchy's stages of re use, recovery, recycling and disposal The stages offers opportunities for policy intervention, to re think the need for the product, too design, to minimize waste potential and to extend its use. The key behind the life cycle of a product is to optimize the use of the world’s limited resources by avoiding the unnecessary generation of wastes.

19. Cont.…. 3. Resource efficiency The current, global, economic growth and development cannot be sustained with the current production and consumption patterns. Resource efficiency is the reduction of the environmental impact from the production and consumption of these goods, from final raw material extraction to last use and disposal

20. What is a sewage? Sewage is a water carried waste, in solution or suspension, that is intended to be removed from a community. Sewage is waste water that often contains feces, urine and laundry waste. Sewage is part of waste water that is contaminated with feces and urine

21. Definition of Sewage Management Is the process of removing contaminants from waste water including household sewage, effluents from industrial effluent and surface runoff Sewage treatment may also be referred to as waste water treatment

22. Sewage management Sewage is generated by residential, institutional or commercial and industrial establishments. It includes household waste liquid from toilets , baths etc. The objective of sewage management is to produce a disposable effluent without causing harm to the surrounding environment and prevent pollution

23. Types of sewage treatment Decentralized or on site system This is where sewage is being treated to where the sewage is created, E.g. in septic tanks, bio filters or aerobic treatment systems. The effluent from the tank is then disposed off through sewage disposal drains often referred to “French drains”. This system must be installed and maintained properly, though it can not be installed in a place where it floods regularly, in areas that have high water table ( that is where the underground water is close to the surface) and also not near drinking water.

24. Cont.….. 2. centralized or effluent system Sewage can also be collected and transported by a network of pipes or pumps stations t o a municipal treatment plant.

25. Cont.….. 3. Full sewage system All sewage from the toilet, shower, laundry and other areas enters wastes and sewer pipes directly and is pumped to a lagoon. There are 3 types of this system; The sewage enters the lagoon without treatment The sewage goes through a series of cutting blades which help break up the solid matter before it enters the lagoon. These blades are called macerators.

26. Cont.…….. The sewage may be treated in a large septic tank just before it enters the lagoon.

27. References ( n.d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2015, from health: http://www.health.gov.au Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . ( n.d. ). Retrieved April 11, 2015, from waste management: http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/waste_management