waste management community health nursingII

Waste management
Community health nursing 2
Bsc nursing 4th year

1. YAMUNA INSTITUTE OF NURSING Clinical teaching on- waste managemment Submitted to ms. Kalpana clinical instructor Submitted by Ritu Bsc (N) 4 th yr

2. WASTE MANAGEMENT

3. What is waste ? In home or community, waste or (wastes) are unwanted or unstable materials, waste is any substance which is discarded after use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. it is also called trash ,garbage, rubbish , or junk . It can be solid, liquid, or gas.

4. Type of waste Classification for ‘waste’ can be divided into two categories as follows: Solid waste Liquid waste Solid waste- it include glass, tin, metal parts, newspapers, electrical items, plastic bags, fruits, vegetables, ect. Liquid waste- it include dirty domestic water,sewage animal excreta, industrial waste of chemical, ect.

5. Classification according to their properties, Biodegradable Non biodegradable Biodegradable- biodegradble waste means any waste that is capable of undergoing anerobic or aerobic decomposition such as food and garden waste,and paper and paperboard. Non biodegradble- non biodegradble wastes that can not be decomposed by bacteria, eg. Plastic, bottle, and tins.

6. Classification according to effect on human health, Hazardous waste- harmful for body and environment. eg. Chemical, oil, batteries etc. Nonhazardous waste- no harful effect on body and environment. eg. Kitchen waste, domestic waste, office waste etc.

7. Source of waste

8. Other source of waste, Residential waste- food waste, paper, textile, wood, metal, ashes Agriculture waste- pesticides, spoiled food wastes, crops Commercial waste- food, glass, hotel restraunt waste Construction and demolition waste- steel, concrete, dirt, ect. Institutional waste- school, hospital waste. Industrial waste- hazardous waste, packaging, food waste. Municipal services- park, landscaping.

9. Waste management Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling, or disposal and monitoring of waste materials. Waste management concept There are a number of concept about waste management which vary in their usage between countries or regions. Some of most widely used concepts : Waste hierarchy-: The waste hierarchy refers to the “3R” REDUCE , REUSE,And RECYCLE, which classify waste management strategie according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical

10. prevention Reduce Refuse Recycling Energy recovery Disposal Benefits from products ans to generate the minimum amount of waste. Least favourable Most favorable

11. Method of collection of waste Collection of waste from societies/complexes- in private societis , complexes and multi storied building ,normally no sweepwers are provided by local bodies ;hence private sweepers are generally engaged. Collection of waste from slums Collection at the doorsteps in posh residential areas Collection of duly segregated recyclable waste from households Collection of waste from shops and establishment

12. Collection of hotel and restraunt waste Collection of hotels and restraunt waste Vegetable, fruits, meat, and fish markets waste Collection of garden waste Collection of waste from marrriage halls,kalyan mandap and commumnity hall Collection of construction and demolition waste Collection of dairy and cattle shed waste Collection of domestic hazardous and toxic waste. Collection of biomedical waste .

13. Transportation of waste Hand cart- the use of traditional hand cart shoud be discontinued and instead ,hand carts having 4 to 6 detachable container of capacity ranging from 30-40 litres each shoud be used. The hand cart shoud be preferably three wheels ans sealed ball bearing . The shoud be locking arrangement with achain and a lock.

14. Tricycles - local bodies can use tricycles instead of handcarts in the area which are spread out and diatance are long. Tricycles have 40 litres capacity .

15. Community bin carriers- to pick up communty bin from residential areas and slums in the cities and count. And replace empty one and take vehicle ,when 40 filled containers are picked up ,to the nearest temporary waste storage depot.

16. Dumper or tractor- covered dumpers or tractors are used to transport the wastes ,uncoverd may pollute the environment.

17. Methods of waste disposal Dumping Landfill Controlled tipping or sanitary land fill Incineration Composting Manure pit Burial Feeding animals.

18. Dumping - the disposal of waste by discarding the garbage in low lying area of ground is called dumping. The waste is untreated, uncoverd, and not segregated. It is breeding ground for flies, rats, and other insects, that spread disease.

19. Landfill- generally located in urban areas where a large amt of waste is generated and has to be dumped in commmon place. Garbage is dumped and pit is coverd thus preventing the breeding of flies . And at the end area is used as a park or parking .

20. Controlled topping or sanitary land fill- in controlled tipping solid waste is disposed of into a dug pit and is regulary covered with soil to avoid attracting disease vectors such as flies and ro dents.

21. Incineration- the procees of burning waste in large furnaces is known as incineration. In these recyclable material is segregated and rest of the material is burnt. At thr end left behnd is ash. Burning garbage is not a clean process as it produce toxic ash and pollute the air and water. Incineration is mainly used for infectios waste.

22. Composting- is effective method of solid waste disposal. In composting biodegradable materail is and down through natural processes and produce humus. Materials that are non biodegradble must be separated an dispossed in of some others mannners . In this microrganism break down the waste anerobically and aerobically .

23. Manure pit- this metod is similar to burial method , in this all domestic refuge ,cow dung ect, Are put into a pit dug up in a backyard of the house . It is close properly when it is full and another pit is used . After 4-5 months the first trench can be dug open to obtain manure or fertilizers.

24. Feeding the aniamal- uncontaminated food stuffs like remaining food, fruits, vegetables, etc. can be fed to animal in homes or outsiders of animals.