Waste management in broiler industry

Worldwide, there are several ways of disposing of poultry waste including; burial, rendering, incineration, compositing, feed for livestock, fertilizer or source of energy. Each disposal option has advantages and disadvantages

1. Waste Management In Broiler I ndustry

2. Why waste management should be done? In order to dispose waste which made in the process of broiler management. In order to get, Increase profit Reduce Environmental pollution To get legal certification Biosecurity- sanitation Controlling and eradication of diseases Maintain water quality

3. Types of waste Dead birds Dropping or manure -these are tremendous source of organic matter and a valuable feedstock for biogas production Slaughtering waste - -contains crude proteins and fats. -feathers are composed of keratin that contains proteins as major portion . β-keratins present in feathers are hard and digested by anaerobic process. -Heads, legs contain protein and lipids and bones contain mineral substances . -Slaughtering blood contain protein and fats .

4. M ethods of waste management in broiler management 1. Disposal of dead bodies and dressing waste 2.Re-use of litter 3.As an animal feed 4.Manure pellets 5.Composting 6.Vermi composting 7.Intergrated vermi composting and composting 8.Poultry – fish integration 9.Integration of Waste Treatment with Algal Cultivation 10.Biogas production 11.Ethanol production 12.Direct combustion

5. 1.Disposal dead bodies & dressing waste Disposal of dead bodies Often neglected for want of time, fuel and labor in broiler farms. Dead birds are just thrown away in open outside of farm on fallow land or at the corner of premises. This cause spread of infection easy. should be deeply buried in the soil or dumped into deep manure or carcass pit where their carrion is auto-digested by hot fermentation . or should be fully burnt in incinerator to form ash.

6. Disposal of dressing waste non-edible-parts like head feathers and feet should be burnt  . Other wet non-edible organs should be dumped into deep manure pit to fulfill compost manure through hot fermentation.

7. 2.Re-use of litter Using spent litter for subsequent batches of broiler . Before using pathogen content must reduce This method produce multi-batch litter with higher proportion of nutrients.

8. 3.As an animal feed Poultry manure as a whole or when mixed with feed grains may be used as a valuable feed for swine and fish . Those animals are able to utilize urea nitrogen (uric acid)present in poultry manure. important to remove these foreign materials from the litter. important to maintain low ash content.

9. Processing methods helpful in , -Detoxification -Improving its feeding value -Palatability -Texture/ color e tc

10. 4.Manure pallets dehydration of litter either by pelleting or drying is a good substitute. -eliminates microorganisms -reduce odor The pelleting is preferable for storage , handling, transport and field application due to decreased dry matter, electrical conductivity, urea N, K, Na, S, Fe, Cu and Cd content.

11. 5.composting Composting is the aerobic microbial breakdown of organic matter , usually incorporating with thermophilic phase. By composting, - Litter volume - Dispose of carcass - Stabilize nutrients & trace elements - Reduce pathogens

12. 6.Vermicompost The use of specially selected earthworm species to degrade waste. Can produce both humic rich vermicompost & meat meal ( vermi meal) from litter. Vermicompost is a valuable organic fertilizer. Vermicompost also contains biologically active substances such as plant growth regulators.

13. 7.Integrated vermicomposting & composting major problems of composting are long duration of the process, turnings , nutrient loss and heterogeneous nature of the final product. g et advantages from both processes to provide pathogen free and product with improved desirable characteristics at a faster rate. As a combination ,required temperature for killing pathogens is achieved & resulted in a superior product with more stability and homogeneity.

14. 8.Poultry & fish integration farming Broilers can be integrated with fish culture. Broilers can be raised over or adjacent to the pond & the broiler excreta recycled to fertilize the fish pond. Can save labor cost for transporting manure & increase hygienic in broiler house.

15. 9.Integration of Waste Treatment with Algal Cultivation The major substrate for production of algal biomass is CO 2 that can be obtained from anaerobic digestion and thermo-chemical conversion of livestock waste . The algae cultivation has several benefits, -rapid generation rates -accumulation of large amounts of fatty acids and hydrocarbons -ability to play a role in waste treatment.

16. 10.Biogas production Refers to a mixture of different gases produced by breakdown of organic matter in the absence of O 2 The biogas production process occurred in four phases as , 1. hydrolysis - biomaterial is degraded into glucose, amino acid and fatty acid 2. acidogenesis -converting the degradation products into H 2 , CO 2 , acetates and volatile fatty acids. 3. acetogenesis -The volatile fatty acids are decomposed into acetate and H 2 . 4.methanogenesis- . Finally, CH 4 is produced by methanogenic bacteria.

17. A dvantages D isadvantages Biogas is eco friendly Reduce the green house effect Reduces soil & water pollution Improve water quality Produces organic fertilizers Few technological advancements. Contain impurities Effect of temperature on biogas production. Less suitable for dense metropolitan areas.

18. 11.Ethanol production Poultry litter could be suitable for lignocellulosic alcohol production. This waste could supply biofuels & potentially reduce the demand for grain destined for Ethanol production.

19. 12.Direct combustion Can generate renewable energy & fertilizer grade ash from litter. Use litter as fuel.

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