Waste water sampling and analysis

Water is the most important in shaping the land and regulating the climate. It is one of the most important compounds that profoundly influence life.

1. WASTE WATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SUBMITTED TO Dr. POONAM SYAL Associate Prof. EE Dept. NITTTR CHD SUBMITTED BY Vinod Srivastava M.E. Modular I & C(NITTTR CHD)

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION GROUNDWATER QUALITY DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA WATER SAMPLING SAMPLING METHODS LOCATION WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS TYPICAL SAMPLING EQUIPMENT RECORDING  CHAIN OF CUSTODY CHECKING EQUIPMENT

3. INTRODUCTION Water is the most important in shaping the land and regulating the climate. It is one of the most important compounds that profoundly influence life. In the last few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the demand for fresh water due to rapid growth of population and the accelerated pace of industrialization. Groundwater is used for domestic and industrial water supply and also for irrigation purposes in all over the world. According to WHO organization, about 80% of all the diseases in human beings are caused by water.

4. CONTD… Once the groundwater is contaminated, its quality cannot be restored back easily and to device ways and means to protect it.

5. Groundwater Quality Helps us understand the hydrogeologic system Delineates groundwater contamination Water quality index is one of the most effective tools to communicate information on the quality of water to the concerned citizens and policy makers. It, thus, becomes an important parameter for the assessment and management of groundwater.

6. WQI Status Possible Usage 0-25 26-50 51-75 76=100 101-150 150 Excellent Good Fair Poor Very Poor Unfit for Drinking Drinking, Irrigation & Industries Domestic, Irrigation & Industries Irrigation & Industries Irrigation Restricted use for Irrigation Proper Treatment Required

7. DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA

8. WATER SAMPLING Water Sampling and Analysis involves the collection of water samples and measurement for chemical and biological characteristics to determine its quality. These results are compared against water quality standards in regulations and guidelines to determine its use and/or the treatment required to make the water suitable for its intended use (e.g. drinking water).  These standards are defined by legislation and guidelines that govern acceptable levels of components in water that can cause health or aesthetic problems

9. CONTD…. The accuracy of water analysis is dependent on the sampling method used, the time elapsed between sampling and analysis, the techniques used in laboratory analysis and interpretation of the results. Water samples are used to carry out a number of different tests for water quality.

10. SAMPLING METHODS Grab sampling- Grab sampling is the most common form of sampling flowing water because it is reliable and easy to do. Ways to take grab samples No special equipment is needed. Usually, a sampling container is used to take the sample. The container can be dipped directly into the water or a sampling rod can be used to collect the water and fill the container. Samples are then packed in a cooler box with ice and taken for testing.

11. Grab Sampling…..

12. Composite Sampling Composite sampling involves taking a number of small samples, called sub-samples, over a period of time. These are then combined to reflect the overall condition of a water body, like a lake. These sub-samples are often referred to as  aliquots . In the field, aliquots of 200 ml are used to make up an overall sample of 1 000 ml. Composite sampling is used frequently.

13. Composite Sampling….

14. Location Surface water  is what is seen on the Earth's surface. It can be either flowing water, like oceans, rivers and streams, or stored in natural depressions, like lakes and water holes. Surface water can be: permanent: flowing or held in natural depressions throughout the year, semi–permanent: flowing or held for only part of the year, or constructed: held in structures ranging from dams to a water tank that catches rain.

15. Location….

16. Water Distribution Systems Water distribution systems are ways of controlling the flow and direction of both surface water and groundwater. They are the link between the water supply source and the consumer. They include: Irrigation systems – used in agriculture Bore lines – used to deliver bore water scheme water systems – used to deliver water to households. Some of these systems have been in use for decades, so sampling and testing is used to determine the health of the pipes and water.

17. Typical sampling equipment

18. Recording  You must always keep a record of your activity when sampling water. This is done using field sheets. Field sheets are forms used to record data relating to each sample. It will have all the information relating to a single sample.

19. Chain of custody If the samples you take need to be sent to a laboratory for testing or if they need to be stored, a Chain of Custody (COC) must also be used. A Chain of Custody is a legal document used to trace who has been in control of the samples from the time of collection through analysis, reporting and disposal.

20. Checking equipment All equipment needs to be properly checked before sampling takes place. Are all sampling bottles prepared and labelled? Do you have what you need to transport the samples in the right environment? Do you have the necessary testing equipment? Do you have communication equipment? Do you have the maps you need? Have you checked that all equipment is functioning properly?

21. Referrences https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/splash/toolbo https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/splash/toolbox_11_04/uoc4/html/p1samp_types.htm

22. THANK YOU