WASTEWATER TREATMENT plant for architecure

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1. BioE 411 and AE/CE/BRT 511
Wastewater treatment

2. Attached growth systems: sewage farms

3. Morestead sewage farm

4. Berlin sewage farm layout

5. Sewage farm

6. Overland flow designs

7. Improved attached growth:
early biobed

8. Large-scale wastewater treatment

9. Rotating disc arrangement

10. Simple treatment: septic tank

11. Leach field after septic tank

12. Suspended growth systems
So far, we have studied systems where treatment is
effected by bacteria, and other organisms, which are
attached to a solid medium, i.e. soil, rocks, etc.
There are also systems where the microbial growth
occurs in suspension. The bacteria then aggregate
into flocs, which are barely visible to the naked eye,
but each consists of millions of bacteria and often
protozoa attached to the floc.
Systems range from the simple facultative lagoon or pond, with no
aeration, to aerated ponds and to sophisticated activated sludge systems,
where the biomass is separated from the effluent and recycled to treatment
and excess production treated separately.
The simple lagoon or pond systems purify the water quite well, but since
there is no provision to separate the biomass production, the effluent is
quite turbid and still contains much organic material, but stabilized to a
non-smelling and not rapidly degrading form.

13. Facultative lagoons
Facultative lagoons or stabilization ponds use only natural phenomena and
almost no mechanical action. Oxygenation for bacterial oxidation of
organics comes from photosynthesis by algae and a bit from wind.
CO
2released by bacteria is used by the algae. Excess biomass and other
settleables are treated by anaerobic bacteria at the bottom.

14. Facultative lagoon interactions
http://www2.bren.ucsb.edu/~keller/courses/esm223/esm223_15.pdf

15. Design approaches to pond
treatment systems
Ponds usually require lengthy treatment periods, weeks for facultative
systems and days for aerated systems. Although facultative systems have
very little mixing other than inflow, gas bubbles and wind effects, the long
retention periods ensures some homogeneity except with respect to depth, as
there is much stratification.
As in any mixed system, the contents have the same concentration as the
overflow. This means that the organisms in the pond continuously experience
a low level of substrate to feed on, which slows down the treatment
considerably, as the typical first-order reactions are directly proportional to the
BOD. Therefore, significant improvement in treatment rate can be achieved
by approaching a channel (tube) flow, or using multiple ponds.
Multiple pond system analysis can be performed by assuming that each is a
completely mixed system, operating on a first-order degradation and a mass
balance around each provides one equation. Intermediate values can be
eliminated as of no interest, so the solution will provide final effluent quality for
given retention times, or more importantly, retention times to achieve a
necessary effluent quality.

16. Activated sludge process

17. Activated sludge flocs
Note filamentous bacteria
Note Vorticellaand
other protozoa

18. Activated sludge model
L
L
0
L
L
L
L

19. Activated sludge plants
Hyperion, Playa del Rey, CA)

20. Primary aeration tank

21. Oxygenated systems
Cryogenic air separation facility, Hyperion, Playa del Rey, CA)

22. Settling tanks
Secondary settling tank, Hyperion, Playa del Rey, CA)

23. Aerobic suspended systems –
activated sludge
Volumetric loading = QL
0/V
QL
0

24. Nitrogen removal
Nitrification (Nitrosomonasand Nitrobacter)
NH
3+ O
2 NO
2
-
NO
3
-
Denitrification
NO
3
-
+ organics CO
2+ N
2
Process adaptations
Anoxic Aerobic
Air

25. Phosphate removal
BNR plants
Discarding phosphate anaerobically
Luxury aerobic uptake of P in aerobic stage
Process adaptations for N and P removal
AnaerobicAnoxic Aerobic
Air
Wastewater

26. Excess biomass disposal
Production
Separation
Further biological treatment –(an)aerobic
Dewatering
Drying –solar or gas heated
Disposal/ beneficial use –soil amender/fertilizer
or fuel
The cost of biomass disposal amount to about half the cost
of wastewater treatment. Aeration, if used, almost up to
half of the rest of the cost. If no aeration, the capital cost ,
including the cost of land, could be very high.

27. Typical steps in modern wastewater treatment

28. How are living beings classified?
Linnaeus
(1735)
2 kingdoms
Haeckel
(1866)
3 kingdoms
Chatton
(1925)
2 groups
Copeland
(1938)
4 kingdoms
Whittaker
(1969)
5 kingdoms
Woese
(1977,1990)
3 domains
AnimaliaAnimalia
Eukaryote
AnimaliaAnimalia
EukaryaVegetabiliaPlantae
PlantaePlantae
Protoctista
Fungi
Protista
(not
treated)
Protista
ProcaryoteMonera Monera
Archaea
Bacteria
Historic development of classification

29. How are living beings classified?
Two super-
.kingdoms
Three domainsSix kingdoms
Mineralianon-life
Biota/
Vitae
life
Acytota/ Aphanobionta
(Viruses, Viroids, Prions
?
, ...)
non-cellular life
Cytota
cellular life
Prokaryota
/ Procarya
(Monera)
BacteriaEubacteria
ArchaeaArchaebacteria
Eukaryota/ Eucarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

30. Carl Woese’s Tree of Life