Water Analysis: Total Solids

1. WATER ANALYSIS FOR
TOTAL SOLIDS

2. Total Solids
are the total of all solids in a water sample.
They include the total suspended solids, total
dissolved solids, and volatile suspended solids.
Classification:
Fixed solids- basically the ash left over after
burning the dried solids.
Volatile solids- solids in water or other liquids that
are lost on ignition of the dry solids.

4. In stream water,
dissolved solids
consist of calcium,
chlorides, nitrate,
phosphorus, iron,
sulfur, and other
ions particles that
will pass through a
filter with pores of
around 2 microns
(0.002 cm) in size.

5.  Suspended solids include silt and clay
particles, plankton, algae, fine organic
debris, and other particulate matter.

6. Source of Solids
SewageIndustrial Discharge

7. Road Runoff
Soil Erosion

8. Significance
Solids in wastewater contribute to
sediment formation; volatile solids may be
associated with oxygen demand.
Solid analyses are important in the control
of biological and physical wastewater
treatment processes.
For assessing compliance with regulatory
agency wastewater effluent limitations.

9. Measuring (TS)
Total solids are measured by weighing
the amount of solids present in a known
volume of sample.
a)weighing a beaker, b) filling it with a

volume

10. e)weighing the beaker
with the residue.
d) completely drying the
residue
c)evaporating the water in
an oven

11.  The total solids concentration is equal
to the difference between the weight of
the beaker with the residue and the
weight of the beaker without it.
Total Solids (mg/L) :
Total solids(TS) = [(TSA – TSB)] X 1000 /
sample(mL)
TSA = Weight of dried residue + dish in
milligrams
TSB = Weight of dish in milligrams

12. Anna Mae A. Cababaros
MS EST-1

13. Chlorophyll- is a
green pigment found in
most plants, algae, and
cyanobacteria.
Its name is derived
from ancient Greek:
• chloros = green
• phyllon = leaf.

14. Chlorophyll a- is the molecule found in all
plant cells and therefore its concentration is
what is reported during chlorophyll analysis.
Chlorophyll d- is found only in marine red algae.
Chlorophyll b and c- are common in fresh water.

15. Why measure chlorophyll?
 Chlorophyll
measurements are also
used to directly
monitor
phytoplankton
populations.
 With over 70% of
the surface of the
earth covered in
water,
phytoplankton and
photosynthetic
bacteria are
responsible for
almost ½ of the
planets primary
production.
 These extraordinarily
efficient plants also act
as the single largest
CO
2
sink on earth.

16.  Since chlorophyll-containing organisms
are the first step in most food chains, the
health and /or abundance of these primary
producers will have cascading effects to all
higher organisms.
 The determination of chlorophyll
concentration is one of the key indices in
monitoring the health of any natural
system.

17. Field Techniques
Collection of
Samples
 The researcher must
gather a sample of
water, using either a
hose sampler, some
sort of water sampling
bottle, or by simply
lowering the sample
container over the
side of the boat.

18. Sample Filtration
A given volume of
the sample is filtered
using a glass fiber
filter.
All of the algae and
other suspended
particles in the
water will be
collected on the
filter paper.

20. Laboratory Analysis

21. The filter paper is then
processed, ground, and
leached to extract the
chlorophyll.
Once extracted from
the protein structure, it
will be dissolved into a
solvent (such as Acetone
or Methanol).

22. These chlorophyll
pigments can be
separated in a simple
paper chromatography
measures or view a
spectral analysis using
a spectrophotometer.

23. THE END…