WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT

SOURCES OF WATER, WASTAGE OF WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENTS

1. GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT : ENVIORMENTAL STUDIES(2110007) TOPIC : “WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT .” Guided by : Sagar Nimavat MADE BY : VIVEK PATEL (27) JAYDEV PATEL (07) PANKHIL SHAH (57) PREET SHAH (58)

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SOURCES OF WATER PROBLEMS DUE TO OVERUSE OF WATER WASTE WATER TREATMENT Processes used IMPORTANCE OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

3. INTRODUCTION Water is a vital natural resource which forms the basis of all life. It is key resource of all economic activity. About 97%of earth’s surface is covered by water and most of the animals and plants have 60-65% water in their body. The water we use keeps on cycle endlessly called ‘Hydrological cycle.’

4. SOURCES OF WATER

5. PONDS Naturally small sized depression formed within the surface of the earth , when gets filled up with water , is known as pond.

6. LAKES A natural large sized depression formed on the surface of the earth ,when it is filled up with water is called lakes. Larger and older lakes have purer water compared to newer lakes .

7. STREAMS In hilly regions , generally the small amount of water runs off towards the earth is called stream. These streams supplies water to ponds and lakes.

8. RIVERS Rivers are born from the hill when too many streams combine together. Rivers are the most important source of water for public water supply scheme.

9. STORAGE RESERVIOR These are formed by constructing hydraulic structures like dam across the river . This stored water is generally used for irrigation and hydropower.

10. STORED RAINWATER At some places, on the terrace of the buildings water is stored during rainy season in abig tank and then used whenever needed.

11. SPRINGS The natural outflow of ground water at the earth’s surface is said to form a spring. It supplies very small amount of water.

12. INFILTRATION GALLERIES Infiltration galleries are horizontal or nearly horizontal tunnels constructed ay shallow depth along the banks of river.

13. WELLS A water well is a hole usually vertical , excavated in the earth for bringing ground water to the surface. Four type of well are Dug well Tube well Artesian well French wall

14. PROBLEMS DUE TO OVERUSE OF WATER Problems related with overuse of surface water: Decrease in flow of water in stream and river. Wetland surface reduction. Water logging. Migration of people.

15. PROBLEMS DUE TO OVERUSE OF WATER Problems related with overuse of ground water: A heavily pumped well can lower water level and wells go dry Heavy pumping can deplete a whole aquifer. Overuse of freshwater reservoir along coastlines often allows saltwater to intrude into aquifers and increases the salinity of water.

16. WASTE WATER TREATMENT Wastewater treatment is a process to convert wastewater into an effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle. The latter is called water reclamation. Treatment means removing impurities from water being treated .The physical infrastructure used for wastewater treatment is called a "wastewater treatment plant" (WWTP).

17. Processes Used PHASE SEPARATION : Phase separation transfers impurities into a non-aqueous phase. Phase separation may occur at intermediate points in a treatment sequence to remove solids generated during oxidation or polishing. Grease and oil may be recovered for fuel or saponification.

18. SEDIMENTATION : Solids and non-polar liquids may be removed from wastewater by gravity when density differences are sufficient to overcome dispersion by turbulence. Gravity separation of solids is the primary treatment of sewage, where the unit process is called "primary settling tanks" or "primary sedimentation tanks".

19. It is also widely used for the treatment of other wastewaters. Solids that are heavier than water will accumulate at the bottom of quiescent settling basins.

20. FILTRATION : Colloidal suspensions of fine solids may be removed by filtration through fine physical barriers distinguished from coarser screens or sieves by the ability to remove particles smaller than the openings through which the water passes.

21. OXIDATION : Oxidation reduces the biochemical oxygen demand of wastewater, and may reduce the toxicity of some impurities. Other two methods of oxidation are bio-logical oxidation and chemical oxidation.

22. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS Disposal of wastewaters from an industrial plant is a difficult and costly problem. Most plants have onsite facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the local and/or national regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into community treatment plants or into rivers, lakes or oceans.

23. Other industrial processes that produce a lot of waste-waters such as paper and pulp production has created environmental concern, leading to development of processes to recycle water use within plants before they have to be cleaned and disposed.

24. AGRICULTURAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS Agricultural wastewater treatment for continuous confined animal operations like milk and egg production may be performed in plants using mechanized treatment units similar to those described under industrial wastewater; but where land is available for ponds, settling basins and facultative lagoons may have lower operational costs for seasonal use conditions from breeding or harvest cycles.

25. LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANTS Leachate treatment plants are used to treat leachate from landfills. Treatment options include: biological treatment, mechanical treatment by ultrafiltration and treatment with active carbon filters.

26. IMPORTANCE OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT Due to decrease in level of drinking or usable water so it is must. We have to reuse the waste water to meet with the requirement of water. Water for development of industry, agriculture is must. “PROPER MANAGEMENT IS MUST”.

27. REFRENCE : S. S. POPLI GOOGLE , WIKIPEDIA, ETC. GUIDED BY : SAGAR NIMAVAT

28. THANK YOU