Water borne diseases

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1. WATERBORNE DISEASES PRESENTED BY: Srutisudha Mohanty 2014MSES018 Department of Environmental Science

2. What is waterborne d iseases? Water-borne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water contaminated by human or animal faeces, which contain pathogenic microorganisms.

3. Classification of diseases related to water

4. Diseases caused by ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement, which contain pathogenic microorganisms. Include cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary dysentery and other diarrheal diseases. Water-borne Diseases Diarrheal Diseases Giardiasis (Protozoan) Cryptosporidiosis (Bacteria) Campylobacteriosis (Bacteria) Shigellosis (Bacteria) Viral Gastroenteritis (Virus) Cyclosporiasis (Parasite )

5. In addition, water-borne disease can be caused by the pollution of water with chemicals that have an adverse effect on health

6. Diarrheal Disease Pathways

7. Water-related Diseases Water-related diseases are caused by insect vectors, especially mosquitoes, that breed or feed near contaminated water. They are not typically associated with lack of access to clean drinking water or sanitation services Include dengue, filariasis , malaria, onchocerciasis , trypanosomiasis and yellow fever

8. Water-washed Diseases Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye contact with contaminated water. These include scabies, trachoma, typhus, and other flea, lice and tick-borne diseases. Water-based Diseases Diseases caused by parasites found in intermediate organisms living in contaminated water. Includes Schistosomiasis and Dracunculiasis

9. LIST OF DISEASES

10. Local temperature Replication in the environment or associated with food products Persistence Local rainfall Loading into the environment (contamination) Increased concentration of contaminants (drought ) Sea level rise Influx of marine pathogens Flooding (storm surge), contamination HOW CLIMATE CAN INFLUENCE WATER BORN DISEASE TRENDS

11. (A CASE STUDY )

12. Vibrio are commonly estuarine and marine bacteria and include at least 12 known pathogens to humans V. vulnificus V. parahaemolyticus V. cholerae In general, this group replicates easily in natural waters and biota, especially under high temperatures Directly related to increasing water temperatures Vibrio spp.

13. : Lobitz et al., 2000 Fig.3.Bay of Bengal Sea Surface Temperatures for 1993 Fig. 6. Cholera cases (solid line), SST (dashed), and SSH (dotted) data for September, 1992–1995. In 1994 and 1995, cholera cases followed the SST cycle; however, in spring, 1993, SSH was the lowest for this period.

14. Climate projections for increased warming and increased extreme events suggest waterborne diseases may increase. Mitigation and adaptation will be enhanced by understanding the ecology of pathogens .

15. GLOBAL LEVEL PREVENTION

16. COMMUNITY LEVEL PREVENTION INDIVIDUAL LEVEL PREVENTION