Water_Borne_Diseases_Chemical_Contamination_Presentation.pptx

presentation on the Water_Borne_Diseases_Chemical_Contamination

1. Water-Borne Diseases Caused by Chemical Contamination COURSE: MWE107: (Environmental Toxicology) By Mohammed Bukar (2024883531)

2. Introduction Water-borne diseases due to chemical contamination are serious public health concerns. They result from consuming or contacting water polluted with hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals, nitrates, and industrial pollutants.

3. Common Chemicals Causing Contamination - Lead: Often leaches from old plumbing systems and industrial waste. - Arsenic: Naturally occurring in groundwater in some regions. - Nitrates: Common in agricultural runoff, especially from fertilizers. - Mercury: Released from industrial processes and mining. - Pesticides and Herbicides: Used in agriculture and can seep into groundwater.

4. Diseases Caused by Chemical Contaminants - Arsenicosis: Chronic exposure to arsenic causes skin lesions, cancer, and organ damage. - Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome): Caused by nitrate-contaminated water in infants. - Neurological Disorders: Lead and mercury can impair cognitive development, especially in children. - Cancer: Long-term exposure to chemicals like arsenic and pesticides increases cancer risk. - Kidney and Liver Damage: Heavy metals and solvents can impair organ function over time.

5. Sources of Chemical Contamination - Industrial Waste: Factories releasing chemicals into nearby water bodies. - Agricultural Runoff: Fertilizers and pesticides leaching into streams and groundwater. - Improper Waste Disposal: Dumping of chemicals and e-waste into the environment. - Mining Activities: Release of heavy metals like mercury and arsenic. - Leaking Septic Systems: Allowing contaminants to enter groundwater sources.

6. Impacts on Human Health - Acute poisoning in severe contamination cases. - Long-term exposure linked to chronic diseases. - Vulnerable populations (children, pregnant women) face higher risks. - Increased healthcare costs and reduced quality of life.

7. Prevention and Control Measures - Regular monitoring of water sources. - Implementing and enforcing environmental regulations. - Promoting sustainable agricultural practices. - Public awareness campaigns on safe water use. - Installation of proper filtration and purification systems.

8. Conclusion Chemical contamination of water is a major cause of water-borne diseases. Effective prevention strategies, regulation, and community involvement are essential to ensure safe water access and protect public health.

9. References - World Health Organization (WHO) Reports - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Peer-reviewed journals on environmental health and toxicology

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