water electrolyte balance , homeostasis ppt

water and electrolyte balance

1. WATER - ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

2. INTRODUCTION Cells exist in an internal sea called Extracellular fluid. Oxygen & nutrients take up by cells from ECF and discharge metabolic wastes products into ECF. In an average young adult male , 60% of body wt constitutes water- 40% - intracellular(2/3 rd ); 20% - extracellular (1/3 rd ). Flow b/w these components are tightly regulated. 2 Water- Electrolyte Balance

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4. ICF & ECF 4 Water- Electrolyte Balance

5. FLUID DISTRIBUTION IN BODY 5 Water- Electrolyte Balance

6. DIVISION OF ECF 6 Water- Electrolyte Balance

7. WATER An ideal solvent for physiological reactions. Water is a polar molecule. Hence it dissolves a variety of charged atoms & molecules. This polar nature allows one water molecule to interact with another water molecule via hydrogen bonding which is responsible for various physiological process. 7 Water- Electrolyte Balance

8. 1.Due to this hydrogen bonding , water has high surface tension, high heat of vaporization & heat capacity. 2.Hence water is an excellent biological fluid. 8 Water- Electrolyte Balance

9. ELECTROLYTES Molecules which dissociate in water to their cation and anions(electrically charged particles). Eg : NaCl Na + & Cl - Functions: Fluid balance Transmission of nerve impulses Muscular activity 9 Water- Electrolyte Balance

10. Electrolytes ( conti … These electrolytes and other charged compounds are unevenly distributed in the body fluids. These separation play an impt role in normal functions.. Hypothalamus & Kidneys are responsible for maintaining water & electrolyte balance in our body. 10 Water- Electrolyte Balance

11. WATER INPUT & OUTPUT 11 Water- Electrolyte Balance

12. COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS 12 Water- Electrolyte Balance

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15. SIGNIFICANCE OF BODY FLUIDS To maintain homeostasis Water forms essential component in internal environment. 2. In transport mechanism 3. In metabolic reactions 4. In texture of tissues 5. In temperature regulation 15 Water- Electrolyte Balance

16. CONCENTRATION OF BODY FLUIDS 1. Osmolality 2. Osmolarity 3. Tonicity Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic 16 Water- Electrolyte Balance

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18. MAINTENANCE OF WATER & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 18 Water- Electrolyte Balance

19. HYPOTHALAMUS Hypothalamus - The master gland is a small region of brain below thalamus- which is the main link b/w N.S & endocrine system. 19

20. 1.ADH Mechanism 20 Sudoriferous (sweat) glands decrease water loss by perspiration from the skin Water- Electrolyte Balance

21. High blood osmotic pressure stimulates hypothalamic osmo receptors Osmo receptors(V2 receptors) stimulate the neuro secretory cells Osmotic pressure of body fluids return to normal Inhibition of osmo receptors reduces / stops ADH secretion Low osmotic pressure of blood(since increased blood volume)- inhibits osmo receptors Nerve impulse liberates ADH from axon terminals in post.pituitary ADH releasing 21 Reabsorption of water from renal tubules of Water- Electrolyte Balance

22. 2.Thirst Mechanism 22 Water- Electrolyte Balance

23. KIDNEYS Water- Electrolyte Balance 23

24. 3. Medullary Gradient mechanism 24 Water- Electrolyte Balance

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28. APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY 1. DEHYDRATION -3 types Depending on basis of ratio b/w water loss & Na loss: 28 Water- Electrolyte Balance

29. Applied Physiology ( cont… 2. OVER HYDRATION (WATER INTOXICATION ) C ondition in which body has too much water. CAUSES: 29 Water- Electrolyte Balance

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31. CONCLUSION Electrolytes & other charged particles are unevenly distributed in the body fluids – ICF& ECF These separation plays an important role in maintaining Equilibrium of body. Flow b/w these compartments are tightly regulated. Water & electrolytes output & intake is regulated by Hypothalamus & Kidneys. 31 Water- Electrolyte Balance

32. Thank you 32 Water- Electrolyte Balance