water introductionabout types of water uses

it is descriptive chapter for water and its purification

1. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH

2. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT? CLASSIFICATION PHYSICAL BIOLOGICAL SOCIAL HUMAN HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT

3. W.H.O. definition of sanitation THE CONTROL OF ALL THOSE FACTORS IN MAN’S PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT WHICH EXERCISE OR MAY EXERCISE A DELETERIOUS EFFECT ON HIS PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH & SURVIVAL

4. THE TERM SANITATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH SANITARY DISPOSAL OF HUMAN EXCRETA BUT IT COVERS WHOLE ENVIRONMENT MAN HAS ALREADY CONTROLLED THIS LED TO IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTH BUT STILL NOT A MASTER THE PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IS TO CREATE & MAINTAIN ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS THAT WILL PROMOTE HEALTH & THUS PREVENT DISEASE

5. POPULATION WITH ACCESS TO SAFE WATER & ADEQUATE SANITATION COUNTRIES SAFE WATER (%) ADEQUATE SANITATION (%) INDIA 94 40 BHUTAN 100 50 BANGLADESH 87 61 INDONESIA 87 61 MALDIVES 99 98 MYANMAR 81 80 NEPAL 92 46 SRI LANKA 96 95 THAILAND 98 93

6. WATER

7. WATER RELATED DISEASES BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL ASSOCIATED DISEASES

8. BIOLOGICAL (WATER BORNE DISEASES) DUE TO INFECTIVE AGENT VIRAL HEP. A, HEP. E, POLIO, ROTAVIRUS DIARRHOEA BACTERIAL TYPHOID, PARATYPHOID, BACILLARY DYSENTRY, E. COLI DIARRHOEA, CHOLERA PROTOZOAL AMOEBIASIS, GIARDIASIS HELMINTHIC ROUNDWORM, THREADWORM, HYDATID DISEASE LEPTOSPIRAL WEIL’S DISEASE DUE TO AN AQUATIC HOST SNAIL SCHISTOSOMIASIS CYCLOPS GUINEAWORM, FISH TAPE WORM

9. ASSOCIATED DISEASES WITH WATER DENTAL HEALTH CYANOSIS IN INFANTS (NITRATES) CVS DISEASES INADEQUATE USE OF WATER DUE TO MOSQUITO BREEDING IN WATER

10. SAFE & WHOLESOME WATER FREE FROM PATHOGENS FREE FROM HARMFUL CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES PLEASANT TO TASTE i.e. free from color and odor USABLE FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSE

11. WATER REQUIREMENT BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT FOR DRINKING WATER IS ABOUT 2 L/HEAD/DAY A DAILY SUPPLY OF 150-200 L/CAPITA IS CONSIDERED AS AN ADEQUATE SUPPPLY TO MEET THE NEEDS FOR ALL URBAN DOMESTIC PURPOSES IN INDIA 40 L/CAPITA WAS THE TARGET IN RURAL AREAS

12. USES OF WATER DOMESTIC PUBLIC INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURAL POWER PRODUCTION CARRY AWAY OF WASTE

13. SOURCES OF WATER SUPPPLY RAIN SURFACE WATER IMPOUNDING RESERVOIRS RIVERS & STREAMS TANKS, PONDS & LAKES GROUND WATER SHALLOW WELLS DEEP WELLS SPRINGS

14. IMPROVEMENT OF TANKS EDGES SHOULD BE ELEVATED FENCE AROUND TANK NO ONE ENTER TANK DIRECTLY ELEVATED PLATFORM TO DRAW WATER WEEDS REMOVED PERIODICALLY CLEAN TANK AT THE END OF SUMMER SLOW SAND FILTRATION OF TANK WATER

15. WELLS SHALLOW WELL DEEP WELL SANITARY WELL INSANITARY WELL

16. SANITARY WELL LOCATION: 15 m away from Higher location 100 m distance for users LINING Bricks & stones in cement up to a depth of 6 m (20 feet) Lining should be carried 2-3 feet above ground level PARAPET WALL A parapet wall 2-3 feet above ground

17. PLATFORM Cement concrete platform round the well extending 3 feet in all directions DRAIN To carry off spilled water COVERING HAND PUMP CONSUMER RESPONSIBILITY QUALITY

18. INSANITARY WELL ANY WELL NOT FITTING THE CRITERIA OF SANITARY WELL

19. WATER POLLUTION LAW TO PROTECT WATER FROM BEING CONTAMINATED, PARLIAMENT IN 1974 PASSED: THE WATER (prevention and control of pollution) ACT IT ACTS AGAINST SPREAD OF WATER POLLUTION IT PROVIDES FOR THE CONSTITUTION OF CENTRAL & STATE WATER BOARDS, JOINT WATER BOARDS WITH POWER TO CONTROL POLLUTION.