water purification in rural and urban area

Water purification

1. Water Purification in Urban and Rural Areas 30 th June 2024,

2. How Our Environment is Being Polluted Land Pollution Air Pollution Sound Pollution Water Pollution The major source of water pollution is the waste water discharged from industries and commercial bodies Methylene blue Rhodamine B D ichromate Solution /54

3. Water Scarcity and Pollution Water pollution is a significant concern in both urban and rural areas of Odisha Arsenic

4. Pollution in Urban Areas of Odisha Untreated Sewage: Cities lack proper sewer systems, leading to untreated sewage flowing directly into rivers like Mahanadi, Kathajodi , etc. Industrial Effluents: Untreated industrial waste from factories pollutes rivers with heavy metals and chemicals.

5. Pollution in Rural Areas of Odisha Agricultural Runoff: Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides contaminates groundwater and rivers.

6. Water Purification Process

7. Water Purification Process

8. Environmental Remediation Technologies Physical treatments Adsorption Biological treatments Microbial reduction Chemical methods Catalysis and photocatalysis CB V B h + e ─ SUN h ν h + + Organic CO 2 + H 2 O + O 2 O 2 ̅ * e ─ Degradation of organic pollutants h + + H 2 O H + + OH* + 2H + H 2 2e ─ H 2 generation Recombination h + + e ─ Heat 8 /47

9. Crystal phase and size-controlled synthesis of transition metal oxide-based nanomaterials 9 /47

10. Synthesis Synthesis of WO 3  H 2 O, WO 3  2H 2 O, and WO 3 nanoplates WO 3 ·2H 2 O WO 3 ·H 2 O 400°C for 2 h WO 3 Nayak et al. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2017,5, 2741-2750. 10 /47

11. Structural and Optical Properties JCPDS : 01-084-0886 JCPDS: 00-018-1420) JCPDS: 00-018-1420) XRD patterns of WO 3  H 2 O and WO 3  2H 2 O nanoplates synthesized at room temperature ( a) without oxalic acid and (b) with oxalic acid, respectively. (c) and (d ) the XRD patterns of WO 3 nanoplates obtained by annealing WO 3  H 2 O and WO 3  2H 2 O under air at 400°C for 2h, respectively . ( A) UV- vis absorption spectra of WO 3  H 2 O, WO 3 .2H 2 O, and WO 3 nanoplates . (B) The plots of (  hν ) 1/2 vs. photon energy, hν . 11 /47

12. 12 Metal Finishing Cement Industry Textile Industry

13. Photoreduction of Cr(VI) under visible light The photocatalytic reduction efficiency was found to be in order of WO 3  2H 2 O nanoplates at pH = 1 (96.19 %) > WO 3  2H 2 O nanoplates at pH = 3 (96 %) > WO 3 (with oxalic acid) nanoplates at pH = 3 (77.14 %) > orthorhombic WO 3  H 2 O nanoplates at pH = 3 (54.29 %) > WO 3 nanoplates at pH = 3 (40%) under irradiation. Semiconductor (WO 3 or WO 3  2H 2 O) + h   h + + e  (eq . 1) 4Cr 2 O 7 2  + C 6 H 5 O 7 3  + 41H + + 6e   8Cr 3+ + 6CO 2 + 23H 2 O ( eq. 2) 13 /47

14. Adsorption of methylene blue (a) Typical UV- vis absorption spectra of MB solution (50 mg/L) before and after adding WO 3 .2H 2 O nanoplates and keeping for 1 min. (b) The MB (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg/L) adsorption performance of WO 3  H 2 O, WO 3 .2H 2 O, WO 3 (without oxalic acid) and WO 3 (with oxalic acid) nanoplates in 1 min. The MB adsorption efficiency was found to be almost same i.e. 92% after 15 cycles suggesting the stability of WO 3 for practical applications. 14 /47

15. 15 Nayak et al. CrystEngComm , 2014,16, 8064-8072. Nayak et al. Nanotechnology, 2015,26 , 48.

16. 16 FESEM images of Bi 1-x Sr x Fe 1-y Co y O 3 with (a) x = y = 0, (b) x = 0.02, y = 0.01, (c) x = 0.02, y = 0.05, and (d) x = 0.02, y = 0.07. Applied Surface Science  493 (2019): 593-604

17. Challenges: Odisha faces water pollution from various sources, including untreated sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and naturally occurring elements like fluoride and arsenic . Importance of Purification : Water purification methods like filtration, chlorination, and reverse osmosis are essential to remove contaminants and make water safe for consumption. Nanomaterials Use : The important contributions of this work is the potential of room temperature synthesized hydrated WO 3 nanoplates for the detoxification of Cr(VI) and removal of MB from contaminated water . Sustainability : Encouraging rainwater harvesting and exploring renewable energy sources to power purification plants can contribute to a sustainable water management approach. Conclusions 17 /47

18. Any Questions ? 18 /47

19. Thank You 19 /47